20.500.12556/RUL-110981 Epigenetske modifikacije pri spolnih celicah in njihovih prekurzorjih Epigenetic modifications in gametes and their precursors Epigenetika je področje molekularne biologije, ki preučuje spremembe v izražanju genov organizma, ki niso povezane z neposrednimi spremembami v nukleotidnem zaporedju DNK. Diplomska naloga nudi pregled literature s področja epigenetskih mehanizmov (metilacija DNK, histonske modifikacije, miRNK), obrazloži njihovo delovanje in vpliv na izražanje genov, ki določajo fenotip organizma. V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na epigenetske modifikacije spolnih celic in njihovih prekurzorjev. Povzeli smo potek procesov gametogeneze, bolj natančno spermatogeneze, njene epigenetske regulacije (specifikaciji celice, izbris vtisnjenih genov, reprogramiranje epigenoma, zgoščevanje jedra) in njihovi vlogi v odzivu epigenoma na spremembe v okolju. Dejavniki kot so prehrana, stres, herbicidi/pesticidi, vključno z razvojno stopnjo in starostjo organizma, temperaturo okolja, življenjskim slogom in bolezenskim stanjem lahko povzročijo napake v delovanju epigenetskih mehanizmov in modifikacijah epigenetskega profila, ki se odražajo v spremenjenem epigenetskem profilu in posledično fenotipu staršev in potomstva. Diplomska naloga povzema posredne spremembe epigenoma F0/Fn generacij, pojasnjuje motnje v delovanju organizma ter povzame nekatere bolezni, ki se pojavijo kot posledica vpliva okoljskih dejavnikov na epigenetski profil, ki se kljub reprogramiranju genoma spolnih celic deduje transgeneracijsko in tako prenaša v naslednje generacije. Epigenetics is a field of molecular biology that studies the changes in gene expression that are not connected to any modifications in DNA nucleotide sequence. This B. Sc. Thesis offers a review of epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, miRNA), explains their underlying function and influence in gene expression which determines phenotype of the organism. In the thesis, we focused on epigenetic modifications of gametes and their precursors. It summarizes the course of gametogenesis, more accurately spermatogenesis, its epigenetic regulation (cell specification, eraser of imprinted genes, epigenome reprogramming, chromosome condensation) and their role in epigenome response to the changes in environment. Factors like diet, stress, herbicides/pesticides, including the developmental stage and age of the organism, temperature, lifestyle and medical condition can reflect in changed epigenetic profile and consequently in both parental and offspring phenotype. The B. Sc. Thesis summarizes direct changes in F0/Fn generation epigenome that arise as a consequence of environmental influence on the epigenetic profile, which can not be erased by germ cell reprogramming and is thus transgenerationally inherited and transmited between generations. molekularna genetika epigenetika spolne celice prekurzorji modifikacije molecular genetics epigenetics gametes precursors modifications true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2019-09-21 07:45:38 2019-09-21 07:45:40 2022-08-23 03:39:58 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2019 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 169826 4300680 7933.pdf 7933.pdf 1 2F5B387FED2ABB824929A890F2C9AD40 32fb393eefb6dc61528964dd0ff9630791b5181713a9f510538c9a253942c15e 4401e8d2-a1b7-11eb-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=122740 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0