20.500.12556/RUL-110437 Uravnavanje kostne presnove z eksosomi Regulation of bone metabolism by exosomes Eksosomi so primer izvenceličnih veziklov, ki sodelujejo v medcelični komunikaciji. Igrajo pomembno vlogo v številnih bioloških procesih in vse več je dokazov o njihovi vpletenosti v patofiziologijo različnih bolezni. Zato predstavljajo novo vrsto potencialnih diagnostičnih označevalcev pri rakavih obolenjih, prav tako pa imajo velik terapevtski potencial v regenerativni medicini. Razlog je predvsem v enostavni izolaciji eksosomov z minimalno invazivnimi postopki. Nedavne študije so pokazale, da so vpleteni v kostno presnovo in nastanek presnovnih bolezni kosti ter regeneracijo kosti po zlomih. Cilj naloge je predstaviti značilnosti eksosomov, njihovo vlogo v kosteh in možnosti uporabe v diagnostiki in terapiji. V večih študijah so pokazali, da kostne celice spontano izločajo eksosome, ki vsebujejo proteine, lipide in nukleinske kisline, ki nato uravnavajo kostno razgradnjo in kostno tvorbo. Tudi eksosomi, ki izhajajo iz stromalnih celic kostnega mozga (BMSC) stimulirajo rast kosti in vivo in in vitro. Ugotovili so da eksosomi, ki jih izločajo BMSC, igrajo pomembno vlogo v razvoju osteoporoze in in bi lahko predstavljali nov pristop za njeno zdravljenje. Eksosomalne miRNA so se pokazale kot primerni diagnostični označevalci pri osteoporozi z večjo občutljivostjo in specifičnostjo v primerjavi z biološkimi označevalci, ki se trenutno uporabljajo v klinični praksi. Prav tako, so pokazali da bi z eksosomi iz matičnih celic nekega dne lahko učinkovito zdravili travmatske zlome kosti, saj delujejo kot biomateriali in potencialno izboljšajo popravljanje in prenovo kosti. Exosomes are an example of extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication. They play an important role in many biological processes and there is increasing evidence of their involvement in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Therefore, they represent a new type of potential diagnostic markers in cancer and also have great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. This is mainly due to the simple extraction of exosomes with minimally invasive procedures. Recent studies have shown that their network of regulatory activities is implicated in bone metabolism and metabolic bone diseases. They are also known to play a crucial role in bone remodeling and regeneration processes after bone fractures. The aim of the thesis is to present the characteristics of exosomes, their role in bone metabolism and their potential use in diagnostics and therapy. Many studies show that bone cells spontaneously secrete exosomes containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which in turn regulate bone resorption and bone formation. Also, exosomes derived from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) stimulate bone growth in vivo and in vitro. Various studies suggest that BMSC- derived exosomes also play an important role in the development of osteoporosis and can be used to develop new treatment approaches. Exosomal miRNAs have proven to be suitable diagnostic markers for osteoporosis with greater sensitivity and specificity compared to the biological markers currently used in clinical practice. They have also shown that exososmes derived from stem cells can one day can effectively treat traumatic bone fractures, due to their properties to act as a bioactive material and potentially improve bone repair. eksosomi kosti kostna presnova osteogeneza osteoporoza biotehnologija exosomes bones bone homeostasis osteogenesis osteoporosis biotechnology true false false [T. Petrušević] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2019-09-14 07:46:49 2019-09-14 07:46:50 2022-08-22 03:43:44 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2019 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 601.2:606:61(043.2) 168581 4799089 8212.pdf 8212.pdf 1 CB6C44270029FBEC9251DB540EC9DA67 94152312a311b52d99f03faf781ce99c81ddfaed36e4d2c8859e6ae30739bc3d 1e1666e6-a1b7-11eb-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=122099 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0