20.500.12556/RUL-107608 Potencialna okoljska tveganja uporabe herbicidov na podlagi glifosata Potential enviroments risks of the use of glyphosate based herbicides Glifosat, N-fosfonometil glicin, je neselektivni herbicid s širokim spektrom delovanja. Glavni metabolit, ki nastane med mikrobno razgradnjo glifosata je aminometilfosfonska kislina (AMPA), ta pa se tvori tudi med razgradnjo drugih fosfatnih spojin, vključno z detergenti. V Sloveniji se ga je leta 2014 prodalo 12,5 ton. Glifosat ima majhno Henryjevo konstanto, ki znaša 2,10 x 10-7 Pa m3 mol-1, kar pomeni da je glifosat nehlapen. Razgradnja glifosata v tleh poteka pretežno biološko. Razpolovna doba je odvisna od različnih okoljskih dejavnikov, kot so temperatura in vlaga, ter lastnosti tal. Razpolovna doba glifosata znaša od 1 do 40 dni, AMPA pa od 25 do 75 dni. Glifosat in AMPA se močno adsorptivno vežeta na talne delce, zato je njun potencial izpiranja majhen. Študije so pokazale, da so ostanki glifosata pogosteje najdeni v površinskih vodah, kot v podtalnici. Problem ostankov glifosata in AMPA je predvsem v površinskih vodah, ki se uporabljajo kot vir pitne vode. Evropski standard za pitno vodo za glifosat je 0,1 μgL-1, v nekaterih študijah pa je bil standard za pitno vodo presežen. Ostanki glifosata v površinskih vodah lahko predstavljajo nevarnost tudi za necilnje vrste rastlin in živali. V vseevropski študiji, v kateri so analizirali vsebnost glifosata, v 317 površinskih vzorcih tal, je bil glifosat največkrat ugotovljen na Portugalskem (v 53 % vzorcev tal), najmanjkrat pa na Poljskem (v 7 % vzorcev tal). Glyphosate, N-phosphonomethyl glycine, is a non-selective herbicide with a wide spectrum of action. The major metabolite that occurs during the microbial degradation of glyphosate is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), which is also formed during the decomposition of other phosphate compounds, including detergents. In Slovenia, 12.5 tons of glyphosate were sold in 2014. Glyphosate has a small Henry constant of 2.10 x 10-7 Pa m3 mol-1, which means that glyphosate is non-volatile. The degradation of glyphosate in the soil is predominantly biological. The half-life depends on various environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, and the properties of the soil. The glyphosate half-life is between 1 and 40 days, and the AMPA is from 25 to 75 days. Glyphosate and AMPA are strongly adsorptively bound to the soil particles, so their leaching potential is low. Studies have shown that glyphosate residues are more commonly found in surface water than in groundwater. The problem of glyphosate residues and AMPA is mainly in surface waters used as a source of drinking water. The European standard for drinking water for individual pesticides is 0.1 μgL-1, and in some studies the standard for drinking water has been exceeded. Glyphosate residues in surface waters can also pose a threat to non-target species of plants and animals. In a all-European study analysing the glyphosate content in 317 surface soil samples, the higest frequency of glyphosate was found in Portugal (in 53% of soil samples) and the lowest in Poland (in 7% of soil samples). herbicidi okoljska tveganja onesnaževanje okolja glifosat herbicides environmental risks environmental pollution glyphosate true false false [L. Lupšina] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2019-05-07 10:31:18 2019-05-07 10:31:22 2022-08-19 03:50:13 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2019 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 632.954:504.5:661.16:631.453(043.2) 163669 9207673 6797.pdf 6797.pdf 1 8F1925E10EA8B6BF9C47EBB85AFE71DE 9e6d848dfe376af32232aefb777d59ec677e27d72dfde5ad4fb9ace3d490c4ed 77fba6b9-a1b6-11eb-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=118464 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0