20.500.12556/RUL-105951 Loops and recursions in cognitive science cross-roads between methodology and epistemology This article addresses the need for cognitive science to loop back and examine its roots and presuppositions, pointing out the three recursive issues: 1.) The observer effect or how observing a phenomenon affects the phenomenon that is being observed, an issue that has been acknowledged by natural science, which cognitive science attempts to emulate, and empirical phenomenology, but not cognitive science itself; 2.) Human kinds or how our research affects us, the researchers, and society (people’s self-understandings), an issue which forms a loop with the observer effect – observation thus changing the observed, the observer, as well as itself, and 3.) The dangers of over-eager extrapolation or how complexity is lost during shifts in explanatory level, issues pertaining to using findings from studies of one explanatory level (e.g. experiments with rats) to inform a different explanatory level (issues within human society). Finally, the article presents a fourth recursive loop which presents a potential solution to the above: a self-correcting mechanism that allows science to recursively correct its mistakes and improve on its own work. observer effect human kinds recursion looping effects philosophy of science kognitivna znanost človeška vrsta rekurzije zankasti učinki true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Podatek o licenci CC BY 4.0 je naveden na spletni strani revije (https://indecs.eu/). (Datum opombe: 5. 9. 2025) Članek v reviji 2019-01-04 03:31:57 2019-01-04 10:33:20 2025-09-05 14:03:59 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2018 0 0 Str. 524-532 iss. 4 Vol. 16 2018 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 165.194 1334-4676 10.7906/indecs.16.4.1 12264265 Loops.pdf Loops.pdf 1 9DF40C2332234FF545386ED43B67AC42 70a05b4d143c9ff54f33c9116402b286fac2d28e3af2f141cd7e836f24872a40 6075da17-1ab2-11f0-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=206518 https://indecs.eu/index.php?s=x&y=2018&p=524-532 0 eb95c3d5-8a4f-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=215874 Pedagoška fakulteta 0 0 0