Effect of water level and tannin inclusion on in vitro degradability and digestibility of soybean mealValcl, Nejc (Avtor) Lavrenčič, Andrej (Avtor) in vitrobypass proteinsoybean mealtanninsruminantOptimizing dietary protein utilization is essential for improving ruminant nutrition, and tannins can reduce the ruminal degradability of soybean meal (SBM) proteins through tannin–protein complex formation, a process enhanced by water. This study evaluated three water levels (1:0.625, 1:1.25, 1:2.5 w/v) combined with chestnut or quebracho tannins at 50 and 100 g/kg on in vitro dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability and digestibility of SBM. Increasing water levels significantly reduced crude protein degradability (p < 0.05), with the greatest decline observed for chestnut tannins at 100 g/kg, decreasing from 640 g/kg at the lowest water level to 423 g/kg at the highest. Post-ruminal crude protein digestibility increased slightly with water for this treatment (from 977 to 984 g/kg). Bypass protein content ranged from 138 g/kg (quebracho 100 g/kg, low water) to 563 g/kg (chestnut 100 g/kg, high water), with increases of 20.7% and 22.6% for chestnut tannins at 50 and 100 g/kg, respectively. Bypass protein digestibility improved by up to 4.4%. Dry-matter degradability decreased by 6.8% to 23.5% depending on treatment. These findings demonstrate that water greatly enhances tannin efficacy and highlight its potential for improving protein utilization.20262026-02-27 12:54:40Članek v reviji179995UDK: 636.085/.087ISSN pri članku: 2076-2615DOI: 10.3390/ani16050718COBISS_ID: 269933827sl