Electrochemically pretreated graphite:glass thick films for ultra-trace detection of neonicotinoids in surface water and honeyDekleva, Maksimiljan (Avtor) Repič, Barbara (Avtor) Kuščer, Danjela (Avtor) Tasić, Nikola (Avtor) Kolar, Mitja (Avtor) Prosen, Helena (Avtor) Marolt, Gregor (Avtor) screen-printed electrodevoltammetric sensorneonicotinoidsenvironmental monitoringsurface waterhoneyNeonicotinoids (NNIs) pose a significant threat to pollinator populations and environmental health due to their widespread use and adverse effects on non-target organisms. Despite regulatory efforts, monitoring of NNIs in natural ecosystems remains challenging. In contrast to conventional chromatographic methods, integrated electrochemical sensors provide a rapid and on-site detection of NNIs. In this study, we report on a novel voltammetric sensor based on the electrochemical pretreatment of an in-house screen-printed graphite:glass electrode for a sensitive and selective detection of clothianidin (CLO), imidacloprid (IMI), and thiamethoxam (TMX). Electrochemical characterization via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy demonstrated a significant enhancement in electrode performance after the pretreatment, offering strong adsorption properties and detection limits in the nanomolar level, achieving the lowest reported LODs for CLO (26 nmol L$^{−1}$) and IMI (12 nmol L$^{−1}$). For all three NNIs, two linear ranges between 0.5 and 40 μmol L$^{−1}$ were observed, alongside great sensitivity (8.1–13.1 μA μmol$^{−1}$ L, depending on the analyte). Notably, the recoveries obtained for NNIs in surface water and honey samples, ranging from 96.3 % to 107.8 %, indicate its applicability for real-sample and on-field monitoring. Utilizing one-step voltammetric electrode pretreatment and adsorption-based pre-concentration offers a cost-effective, fast, and ultra-sensitive platform, thus addressing a critical need in environmental analysis and pesticide regulation.20252025-10-08 12:21:29Članek v reviji174667UDK: 543.552:661.16ISSN pri članku: 2214-1804DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100890COBISS_ID: 252228611sl