Developing and analyzing the defect-based surface codes using optimization algorithmsSayedsalehi, Samira (Avtor) Bagherzadeh, Nader (Avtor) Del Barrio García, Alberto A. (Avtor) Botella, Guillermo (Avtor) Pilipović, Ratko (Avtor) genetic algorithmslogical error rateslogical qubitsquantum computingquantum error correctionsimulated annealingsurface codesFault tolerance is crucial for enabling large-scale quantum computations, with surface codes emerging as prominent error correction techniques due to their high error threshold and reliance on nearest-neighbor interactions. Despite the advantages of surface codes, they demand a substantial number of qubits to encode a single logical qubit, making them resource-intensive. Two primary approaches exist to encode multiple logical qubits: patch-based and defect-based. This study focuses on the latter approach, which involves creating holes in the surface code for logical qubit encoding. With the defect-based approach, we need to account for trade-offs between the number of logical qubits and the logical error rates, so we employ an optimization algorithm to evaluate the maximum number of logical qubits for a given error rate. Through a series of experiments, we assess the limitations of the defect-based approach and investigate the impact of various hole types on logical qubit encoding.20252025-09-11 14:27:32Članek v reviji172852UDK: 004ISSN pri članku: 2624-960XDOI: 10.3390/quantum7020025COBISS_ID: 239228931sl