Advances in copper speciation, isotopic ratio measurement, bioimaging, and single-cell analysisKozlica, Katarina (Avtor) Milačič Ščančar, Radmila (Avtor) Reberšek, Martina (Avtor) Čemažar, Maja (Avtor) Uršič Valentinuzzi, Katja (Avtor) Ščančar, Janez (Avtor) human samplescopper ceruloplasmincopper human serum albuminanalytical methodsspeciationisotopic ratio measurementbioimagingsingle-cell analysisreviewcopperCopper (Cu) is an essential trace element associated with various physiological processes in the human body. In humans, approximately 75–95% of Cu in plasma is tightly bound to ceruloplasmin (Cp). The remaining Cu (exchangeable Cu) is loosely bound to human serum albumin (HSA) and, to a lesser extent, to alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) and low molecular mass (LMM) amino acids. Neurodegenerative and neoplastic diseases may have a significant impact on Cu metabolism. In serum of Wilson's disease patients, the exchangeable Cu content is increased, while in patients with certain forms of cancer, elevated Cu-Cp levels are observed. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the effective management of Cu-related disorders. This review critically evaluates analytical methods for Cu speciation, isotopic analysis, bioimaging, and single-cell analysis, which provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of Cu-related disorders. Analytical challenges and future needs for the development of new methodological approaches are also addressed.20252025-01-21 10:20:36Članek v reviji166673UDK: 543ISSN pri članku: 1879-3142DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118152COBISS_ID: 222568707sl