A deep dive down the broad-line region: permitted O I, Ca II, and Fe II emission in an active galactic nucleus little red dot at z = 5.3Tripodi, Roberta (Avtor) Bradač, Maruša (Avtor) Martis, Nicholas S. (Avtor) Rihtaršič, Gregor (Avtor) Felicioni, Giordano (Avtor) Harshan, Anishya (Avtor) Judež, Jon (Avtor) Markov, Vladan (Avtor) astrophysicsgalaxiesspectroscopyactive galactic nucleusWe present a spectroscopic analysis of a broad-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) selected as a little red dot (LRD) at z = 5.3 behind the Bullet cluster (Bz5.3) based on JWST/NIRCam and NIRSpec data. The detection of strong Fe II, O I, and Ca II triplet emission lines, along with the evidence of broad Balmer lines, provides strong evidence of a broad-line region (BLR) and an accreting supermassive black hole. Notably, we report the first detection of the λ1304 bump (i.e., a blend of O I λ1304 and Si II) at high redshift, a feature commonly seen in local AGNs but not yet reported in the early Universe. The O I λ1304/λ8446 photon ratio provides an independent measurement of dust attenuation in galaxies. In Bz5.3, this ratio is highly suppressed (0.1–0.3), implying significant internal dust extinction, with estimated dust attenuation A$_V$ ~ 0.4–1.0. We identify Lyβ fluorescence as the dominant excitation mechanism of the low-ionization lines, with additional contributions from collisional excitation. High O I λ8446 equivalent width and weak O I λ7774 support this interpretation. The detection of iron emission, whether from broad permitted or narrow forbidden lines, supports the presence of a stratified BLR, as also recently proposed in local LRDs. Photoionization modeling of O I λ8446 and Ca II further suggests the coexistence of multiple gas phases with distinct densities and ionization states, highlighting the complexity of the BLR. Bz5.3 thus offers a rare window into early AGN activity and BLR physics at early times.20252025-12-02 12:05:17Članek v reviji176489sl