High-performance thin-layer chromatography‒multi-stage mass spectrometry methods for analyses of bee pollen botanically originating from sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)Glavnik, Vesna (Avtor) Bensa, Maja (Avtor) Vovk, Irena (Avtor) Guzelmeric, Etil (Avtor) thin-layer chromatographyTLCchromatographytandem mass spectrometryfragmentationpolyphenolsflavonoidsHigh-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) silica gel and amino plates in combination with developing solvents containing formic and acetic acid were examined for HPTLC‒multi-stage mass spectrometry (MS$^n$) analyses of chestnut bee pollen samples from Slovenia and Türkiye. Ethyl acetate‒formic acid‒acetic acid‒water (10:1.1:1.1:2.6, V/V) and ethyl acetate‒dichloromethane‒formic acid‒acetic acid (10:2.5:1:1.1, V/V) were used for development of silica gel and amino plates, respectively. Twofold pre-development was required for the developed HPTLC‒MS$^n$ methods. The first predevelopment was performed with methanol‒formic acid (10:3, V/V) for silica gel plates and methanol‒formic acid (10:5, V/V) for amino plates. The second pre-development with methanol was equal for both types of the plates. Using the developed HPTLC‒MS$^n$ methods, five phenylamides (spermidines), six isorhamnetin glycosides and gluconic acid were identified in both chestnut bee pollen samples. Glycosylated phenolic acid (caffeic acid-hexoside) was detected only in the Turkish bee pollen sample. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on isorhamnetin-(hexosyl)hexoside, isorhamnetin-acetylhexoside, isorhamnetin-(pentosyl-deoxyhexosyl)hexoside and caffeic acid-hexoside in chestnut bee pollen. This is also the first report on isorhamnetin-(pentosyl-deoxyhexosyl)hexoside and caffeic acid-hexoside in any bee products.20232024-05-10 12:11:49Članek v reviji156139sl