Poškodbe glave v nogometu pri udarcu z glavo pri otrocih, starih 15 let : diplomsko delo

VRHOVNIK, LUKA (avtor), Hadžić, Vedran (mentor)

Cilji: Udarec žoge pri nogometu je pogostokrat uporabljen udarec, čigar dolgoročne posledice so lahko razvoj bolezni, kot so kronična travmatska encfalopatija (KTE), alzheimerjeva bolezen in parkinsonova bolezen. Poškodbe možganov ne nastanejo ob samem udarcu žoge z lobanjo, temveč ob sledečem raztegovanju in zvijanju možganov znotraj lobanje, kar lahko ob dejstvu, da je notranjost lobanje neravna, povzroči večje poškodbe na spojih možganskih polobel in možganskem deblu. V tem diplomskem delu smo skušali preveriti pogostost pojavljanja bolečin in poškodb ob udarjanju nogometne žoge, s čimer smo želeli ugotoviti, ali je pojavljanje takšnih poškodb odvisno od igralnega položaja in leta treniranja nogometa. Metode: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 60 fantov, starih 14-15 let, ki so povprečno trenirali nogomet 7 let, na teden so opravili povprečno 5 treningov, ti so povprečno trajali 100 min. Presečno epidemiološko študijo smo izvedli v sodelovanju z nogometnimi klubi ljubljanske regije, kjer smo vsem sodelujočim razdelili ankete z zaprtim tipom vprašanj. Rezultati: Dobljeni rezultati so pokazali, da igralno mesto odločno vpliva na število poškodb glave, saj so obrambni položaji večkrat v situaciji, ko so primorani igrati z glavo v nogometni tekmi. Kljub temu pa leta treniranja niso pokazala bistvenih razlik med skupino, ki je utrpela poškodbe, in tisto, ki ni poročala o kakršnih koli težavah v zvezi z udarjanjem žoge z glavo. Vzrok za takšne rezultate je morda značilnost nogometne igre pri mlajših selekcijah, ki je počasnejša in manj silovita kot tista na članskem nivoju. Izračunana incidenca poškodb glave na podlagi izpričanih podatkov je 17 poškodb/1000h telesne aktivnost, kar približno pomeni 5,66 poškodb letno. Sklep: Poškodbe glave in posledično možganov lahko hitro postanejo resna težava, saj moderna medicina ne ponuja smiselne rešitve. Vsaka bolečina je sporočilo telesa, da nekaj ni v redu in prav tako je bolečina, ki se pojavlja ob udarjanju žoge z glavo, znak, da takšen udarec nosi določene posledice za telo. Ker ima otroško telo veliko manj razvite mišice trupa in vratu, ki občutno zmanjšajo sile, ki vplivajo na lobanjo in ker so njihovi možgani še vedno v procesu razvoja in mielinizacije živčnih poti, je njihova varnost in zaščita pri športnem udejstvovanju ključnega pomena.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Nogomet, poškodbe glave, udarec z glavo, glavobol, prevalenca
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96740
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5296817
• Datum objave v RUL: 13.10.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Heading injury in soccer in children 15 years of age

Izvleček

Goals: Heading in soccer is an often used skill whose longterm effects can lead into developing diseases such as chronic traumatic encelophaty (CTE), Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Brain injuries do not happen when the player hits the ball, but rather when the force of the impact influences the brain to start stretching and twisting within the skull. Considering the fact that the inner surface of the skull is not smooth this can cause severe damage to the area of the brain at the junction of the two hemispheres and the brainstem. In this work we have tried to ascertaine the frequancy of head injury and pain in heading with which we have tried to note the occurence of such injuries depending on the playing position and years of training soccer. Methods: We had 60 participants age 14-15 years, who have trained on average 7 years, have trained on average 5 times weekly, with the average practice lasting 100min. We have conducted the sectional epidemiologic study with the cooperation of soccer clubs in the Ljubljana region, where we have interviewed our participants using closed type questions. Results: The results show that the playing position significantly affects the number of head injuries, because the defensive positions are more often in a situation where they are forced to use heading in a soccer match. Nonetheless the years of training haven't shown significant differences between the group that suffered injuries and the one that had not reported any difficulties when heading the ball. The reason for such an outcome of the results may be because of the characteristics of the soccer game in youth level, where the game speed and severity of the game is lesser compared to the senior level. The calculated incidence of head injuries based on the data given by the participants is 17 injuries / 1000h of physical activity, which means aproximately 5,66 injuries yearly. Conclusion: Head injuries and consequently brain injuries can quickly become permanent, because the modern medicine has no definitive solution for this type of injury. Every pain is a signal from the body that something is not right and the same thing relates for pain which occurs when heading the ball as it lets us know that such blows have consequences for the body. Because the child's body has a much less developed musculature of the trunk and neck, which significantly reduce the force of the impact on the skull and because their brains are still in the process of development and myelization of the nervous pathways their safety and protection should be of key importance in their participation in sport.

• Ključne besede: Soccer, head injury, heading, headache, prevalence