Primerjava učinkovitosti dveh vadb ravnotežnih nalog pri aktivnih starejših : magistrsko delo

Švarc, Ines (avtor), Tomažin, Katja (mentor), Prevc, Petra (komentor)

Sposobnost ravnotežja je ključnega pomena v vsakdanu vsakega posameznika, še posebej pomembna pa je za starejše osebe, saj z leti sposobnost ohranjanja ravnotežja oslabi, s čimer se zmanjšata kvaliteta življenja in neodvisnost posameznika. Cilj magistrske naloge je bil preveriti učinke enakih ravnotežnih nalog, izvedenih na mehkih in trdih podlagah, na izbrane teste statičnega in dinamičnega ravnotežja v različnih pogojih senzornega priliva pri aktivnih starejših osebah. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 22 aktivnih starejših oseb, ki smo jih razdelili v 2 skupini. V prvi skupini je bilo 13 starostnikov (68 ± 7,5 let) in je izvajala vadbo na mehkih površinah, v drugi skupini, ki je izvajala vadbo na trdih površinah, pa 9 starostnikov (63,9 ± 5,9 let). Vadbo smo izvajali 9 tednov, dvakrat na teden po 60 minut. Pred in po vadbi smo izvedli teste statičnega in funkcionalnega ravnotežja (stoje na tenziometrični plošči, funkcionalni doseg z roko naprej, funkcionalni doseg z nogo naprej, na stran in nazaj ter test 4 kvadratov). Rezultati naših meritev so pokazali, da je skupina, ki je vadila na mehkih podlagah, statistično značilno izboljšala 7 parametrov gibanja oprijemališča sile reakcije podlage (OSRP), merjenih na tenziometrični plošči (hitrost gibanja OSRP, hitrost gibanja OSRP v A-P smeri na mehki podlagi z odprtimi in zaprtimi očmi (v A-P smeri tudi na trdi podlagi z odprtimi očmi) ter povprečna amplituda gibanja OSRP v A-P smeri pri stoji na trdi in mehki podlagi z odprtimi očmi). Skupina, ki je vadila na trdih podlagah, je izboljšala le povprečno amplitudo v A-P smeri na trdi podlagi z odprtimi očmi in hitrost gibanja OSRP v A-P na mehki podlagi z odprtimi očmi. Prva skupina je statistično značilno izboljšala vse funkcionalne teste ravnotežja, druga pa le funkcionalni doseg z nogo naprej in na stran ter test 4 kvadratov. Ugotovili smo, da imata obe vadbi pozitivni doprinos k ravnotežju starostnikov. Ne moremo pa z gotovostjo trditi, da je za to zaslužena le ena izmed vadb, saj med skupinama nismo odkrili statistično značilnih razlik.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Starostniki, ravnotežje, vadba, stabilne površine, nestabilne površine
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95016
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5236657
• Datum objave v RUL: 12.09.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Comparison of the Efficiency of two Different Balance Trainings on the Execution of Balance Tasks in Older Adults

Izvleček

Balance is as an ability crucial in the everyday life of every individual, but it is even more importatnt for elderly people. With age weaknes the ability to maintain balance and this reduces the quality of life and the independence of the individual. The aim of the master's thesis was to verify the effects of the same equlibrium tasks performed on soft and solid surfaces on selected static and dynamic balance tests in various sensory inflow conditions in active elderly subjects. The study involved 22 active elderly people which were divided into 2 groups. In the first group were 13 elderly people (68 ± 7,5 years) which trained balance on soft surfaces, while the second group with 9 elderly people (63,9 ± 5,9 years) trained balance on solid surfaces. The exercise was performed for 9 weeks, 2x a week for 60 minutes. Before and after exercise we performed static in functional balance tests (stands on tensiometric plate, funtional reach with hands, the functional reach with the foot forward, on the side and back, and 4 squares test). The result of our measurments showed that the group that performed balance exercise on soft ground significantly improved 7 parameters of the COP (center of the pressure) movements on tensiometric plate: speed of COP and speed of COP movement in A-P direction while standing on soft surface with eyes opened and closed; speed of COP in A-P direction on solid ground with eyes opened; the average amplitude of COP in A-P direction when standing on solid and soft surfaces with opened eyes. The group whitch exercised balance on solid ground significantly improved just the average amplitude of COP in A-P direction on solid ground with eyes opened and the speed of COP in A-P on soft surface with eyes opend. The first group significantly improved all functional balance tests, while the second group improved only three of them (functional reach with foot forward and on the side and 4 square test). We found that both exercises have a positive contribution to the balance of elderly. Which one of exercises of balnace (on solid or soft surfaces) was beather can't we say, because there were no statistically differences between the groups.

• Ključne besede: Elderly, Balance, Exercise, Stable Surface, Unstable Surface