Integracija otroka na vozičku v oddelek s pomočjo plesnih delavnic

Tegelj, Anja (avtor), Gregorc, Jera (mentor), Vute, Rajko (komentor)

Ples je govorica telesa, ki se izraža skozi ritem glasbe, je izraz umetnosti in hkrati šport, v katerem se prepleta usklajenost dveh ali več teles. Izraža svobodo, srečo in združuje ljudi. V Sloveniji se od leta 1996 otroci s posebnimi potrebami, med katerimi so tudi gibalno ovirani, vključujejo v redne programe osnovnih šol, kar prispeva k boljšemu sprejemanju drugačnosti, a hkrati pred pedagoške delavce postavlja nove izzive. Za gibalno ovirane učence ni dovolj, da se jih v redno šolo vključi na podlagi zakona, ampak je potrebno za uspešno vključitev prilagoditi tudi okolico, ki mu bo omogočala razvijati pozitivno samopodobo ter enake možnosti za razvoj kot sovrstniki. Največkrat so učenci na vozičkih izločeni iz razrednih gibalnih dejavnosti in telovadijo ločeno s spremljevalci, kar povečuje razlike med učenci. Za razredno klimo in integracijo gibalno oviranih bi bilo bolje, če bi jih učitelj znal vključiti v vse šolske dejavnosti. Ena takih dejavnosti, ki je tudi v učnem načrtu, je ples. Ples na vozičkih pomaga učencem pri rehabilitaciji, saj ustrezna vadba razvija prizadete motorične funkcije, dviguje motivacijo, razvija emocionalni in mentalni razvoj ter zadovolji socialno potrebo po vključevanju v skupino. Na splošno pa se vsi učenci ob plesni vadbi sprostijo, zabavajo, razvijajo splošno motoriko, gibalno ustvarjajo, krepijo samopodobo in odnose v skupini. Učence dveh drugih razredov osnovne šole smo z meritvami analizirali pred in po izvedenih plesnih delavnicah s športnovzgojnim kartonom, jih anketirali o pomenu gibalno-športnih dejavnosti za zdravje in naredili sociogram. Gibalno ovirane smo primerjali na področju socialne integracije, gibalne koordinacije na vozičkih, plesne ustvarjalnosti in ekspresivnosti ter usklajenosti telesa z glasbo. S plesno vadbo razvijamo socialne in gibalne sposobnosti otrok, njihovo izražanje, ustvarjalnost, krepimo pozitivne odnose v skupini, zvišujemo motivacijo in zadovoljstvo, saj se s plesom sprostijo in zadovoljijo potrebo po igri ter gibanju. Pri analizi proučevanje skupine smo po štirimesečnih plesnih delavnicah dobili statistično pomembna izboljšanja pri gibalnih sposobnostih otrok, pri povečanju količine telesne vadbe, izražanju pozitivnih občutkov ob plesu in bolje vključili gibalno oviranega v oddelek. Analiza splošne ocene stanja na področju gibalno-športne dejavnosti za zdravje je pokazala, da se je v proučevani skupini po plesnih delavnicah povečala količina telesne vadbe pri športu in domačih opravilih, znižal se je čas preživljanja prostega časa v sedečem položaju in povečalo se je pitje vode. Pri ostalih kriterijih, pa ni bilo statistično pomembnega izboljšanja. S sociometrično preizkušnjo smo dokazali, da so plesne delavnice gibalno oviranemu pomagale pri boljših socialnih odnosih, saj sta bila oba na koncu med popularnimi učenci. Z ocenjevalno lestvico kvalitet gibanja z invalidskim vozičkom smo dobili rezultate, ki dokazujejo statistično pomembno izboljšanje v kakovosti gibanja gibalno oviranih oseb. V magistrski nalogi so opisani primeri prilagojenih gibalno-socialnih iger, ustvarjalnega giba, otroških, ljudskih in družabnih plesov. Oblikovana so priporočila za učitelje, in sicer kako lahko učenca kljub gibalni oviranosti vključujemo v gibalne dejavnosti in tako zmanjšujemo razlike v primerjavi z gibalno neoviranimi sošolci.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: ples
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-86367
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11230281
• Datum objave v RUL: 19.09.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: A wheelchair-bound child integration in the class supported by dance workshops

Izvleček

Expressed through the rhythm a dance is a body talk, a beauty of the art, even a sport where two or more bodies are synchronously intertwined. Dance liberates body and soul, it connects and brings happiness. Since 1996 Slovenia encourages physically disabled children to enroll in regular learning programs in primary schools. While it sets significant challenges to the educators it contributes greatly to a better acceptance of differences between children. For successful integration of physically disabled children just a lawful enrollment in the primary school is not enough. The environment and surroundings need to be adapted to their needs in order to enable them to develop positive self-esteem and confidence as well as ground equal chances for their growth. Unfortunately, physically disabled children mostly do not participate equally at regular physical activities hours. Ordinary, they exercise separately with their assigned assistants. That already separates and differentiates them from the other children. If teachers knew how to include all of the children in all of class activities it would be a significant step forward to better integrate physically disabled children. Dancing already makes part of the school curriculum and as such could be a binding activity. Dancing in wheelchairs helps disabled children to rehabilitate. With properly adjusted training damaged motor skills are exercised, children’s motivation is lifted, emotional and mental development is encouraged and at the same time social needs are satisfied. While students have fun and relax through dancing they are developing their overall motion and motor skills. Their creativeness released, they become more self-confident and thus have better relationships within a group. In present thesis we analyze the measurements taken before and after dancing workshops in two second grade classes. Also a survey was carried out on the meaning of healthy motion and sports activities. The analyzed measurements are represented in the sociogram. We have studied physically disabled children in regard to social integration, motor coordination in a wheelchair, dance creativity and expressiveness and body-music coordination. The measurements have shown that exercises in dancing develop children's social and motor skills, their expression and creativity. In dancing children relax and satisfy their need to play and move. Positive relationships are spread and formed in a group and motivation and satisfaction are on a much higher level. After four months of dance workshops carried out within researched group of children the measurements have shown important improvements in motor skills, more exercising resulted in children having and expressing more positive feelings while dancing. Even the integration in the class seemed to improve. Statistics of the general assessment of healthy exercising show the beneficial influence of sports activities and/or any kind of movement exercises on health: the researched group of children has been more physically active after the four months period of testing, they had better inclination toward for doing sports and home chores, the non-physically disabled children also spent less of their free time sitting and, not lastly, they have started to drink more water. No other criterion in the research shows statistically significant improvements. In, there were no. The sociometric test proved that the dance workshops helped the physically disabled children to improve their social relations upon which they were accepted more cordially by their peers. Grading scale of motion in a wheelchair the results prove statistically important improvements in the quality of movement by the physical disabled person. This Master thesis work contains the examples of adjusted motion social games, creative movement as well as children's, folk and social dances. In the thesis we have laid down the recommendations for teachers in order to show how to include a physically disabled student in motion activities. With the latter we reduce the obstacles that often exclude physically disabled children from participating in all scholar activities.

• Ključne besede: : dance