POLNILNA INFRASTRUKTURA ZA ELEKTRIČNA VOZILA KOT ELEMENT PAMETNEGA OMREŽJA

OBREZA, ROK (avtor), Bizjak, Grega (mentor)

Vse hitrejši razvoj električne mobilnosti in električnih vozil prinaša nove izzive tudi na področje načrtovanja in obratovanja razdelilnih omrežij ter pametnih polnilnih postaj za polnjenje električnih naprav in vozil. Električne polnilne postaje za večje število vozil na enem mestu predstavljajo električne porabnike z veliko priključno močjo. To po eni strani pomeni velik strošek za lastnika PP, po drugi strani pa potrebo po novem napajalnem omrežju. Ob upoštevanju podatka, da je veliko število vozil v zasebni lasti, bi bilo z vidika vlaganja v EES najprimerneje, da bi se večina EV polnila v zasebnih PP. To so tiste, ki so priključene na priključek gospodinjskega odjemalca. Domača PP omogoča predvsem poceni električno polnitev, ki traja daljši čas, ko vozilo ne obratuje. Pri polnjenju EV sta za odjem energije sicer pomembna tako hitrost kot kapaciteta polnjenja. Kdor želi vozilo napolniti hitro in z večjo močjo, bo temu primerno plačal višjo ceno, polnitev pa opravil na javni PP. Pametna javna polnilna postaja, ki bi omogočala omejevanje priključne moči pri sočasnem polnjenju več vozil, bi bila koristna za lastnika PP in upravljavca razdelilnega omrežja. Vozila, priključena na pametno PP, bi v povezavi oziroma sodelovanju s pametnim omrežjem lahko pomenila tudi kratkoročen vir električne energije. Operater distribucijskega omrežja ima zaradi racionalnosti poslovanja izrazit interes, da se polnjenje električnih vozil izvaja nadzorovano. To pomeni, da se pri polnjenju omejuje moč polnjenja, da se vozilo ne polni z maksimalno močjo, ki jo zmore PP, vozilo pa jo je sposobno sprejeti. Ta nadzor se s stališča operaterja distribucijskega omrežja nanaša na polnjenje na javni polnilni mreži, pri trgovcih z energijo in tudi pri domačem, gospodinjskem polnjenju – doma. Razmah električne mobilnosti v Sloveniji še ne pomeni, da električna vozila pomenijo posebno tehten dejavnik v slovenski motorizaciji. Potencialni kupci se še vedno v glavnem odločajo za nakup klasičnega motornega vozila, saj so za zdaj električna vozila že v samem startu predraga kljub državnim spodbudam. Za večino morebitnih kupcev pa je pri odločitvi o nakupu cena glavni kriterij.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: pametna električna polnilna postaja, polnilna infrastruktura, električna mobilnost, električna vozila, pametna omrežja
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FE - Fakulteta za elektrotehniko
• Leto izida: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-85625
• Datum objave v RUL: 19.09.2016

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES AS AN ELEMENT OF A SMART GRID

Izvleček

The rapid development of electric mobility and electric vehicles brings new challenges also in the field of planning and operating of distribution networks and smart charging stations for charging electric appliances and vehicles. Electric charging stations which are developed for charging a larger number of vehicles in one place represent electricity consumers with a high connection load. Consequently this represents a major cost to the owner of the charging station on one hand; on the other hand, it creates the need for a new power supply. Taking into account the information that a large number of vehicles are privately owned, it would be (in terms of investment in the power system) most suitable for the majority of electric vehicle to be charged in private filling stations. These are the ones that are connected to the connector of the household customer. Home charging station allows particularly inexpensive electrical loads, which do take a long time to charge the vehicle when it is not in operation. The important thing when charging electrical vehicles are for the consumption of energy both speed and capacity to charge. Anyone who wants to fill a vehicle quickly and with more power will have to pay a higher price for filling at the public filling stations. A smart charging station, which would allow limiting the connection load and at the same time charging of several vehicles, would be beneficial to both: the owner of the charging station as well as to the operator of the distribution network. The vehicle which would be connected to the smart charging station could also in relation or in cooperation with the smart grid mean a short-term source of electricity. The operator of the distribution network has, because of business rationality, a pronounced interest in conducting control over charging of electric vehicle. This means that during charging the charging capacity is limited, so that the vehicle is not filled with a maximum power of the charging station and to the limit that the vehicle can accept. From the standpoint of the operator of the distribution network this control refers to charging at public charging stations, with energy traders and even at home, private filling stations. The expansion of electric mobility in Slovenia does not mean that electric vehicles represent a particularly weighty factor in the Slovenian motorization. Potential buyers still mainly purchase classic motor vehicles, because electric vehicles are despite government incentives still too expensive and for most potential buyers the price is the still the main criterion when they purchase a vehicle.

• Ključne besede: smart charging station, charging infrastructure, electric mobility, electric vehicles, smart grids