Objektivna odgovornost po rimskem in sodobnem slovenskem pravu : (magistrsko diplomsko delo)

Vizjak, Maja (avtor), Kambič, Marko (mentor)

Objektivna odgovornost je nasprotje klasične odgovornosti, ki jo poznamo danes in temelji na krivdi. Gre za odgovornost brez krivde, katere zametke so poznali že v rimskem pravu, kasneje pa se je z recepcijo rimskega prava in industrijsko revolucijo to znanje ponovno obudilo ter prišlo v ospredje. Odgovornost brez krivde je pravni institut, pri katerem je povzročitelj škode odgovoren za njeno povrnitev ne glede na lastno krivdo, ki sicer predstavlja temeljno predpostavko krivdne odgovornosti. Ta odgovornost v zasebnem pravu izhaja iz posedovanja nevarne stvari ali ukvarjanja z nevarno dejavnostjo, ki predstavlja tveganje za druge. Če ima posameznik korist od izvajanja nevarne dejavnosti ali posedovanja nevarne stvari, nosi tudi odgovornost za tveganje oziroma nevarnost, ki izhaja iz teh stvari ali dejavnosti. Gre za načelo koristi in bremen, ki izhaja iz pravne logike. Magistrska naloga je zasnovana na podlagi hipoteze, da je rimsko pravo postavilo temelje sodobnemu slovenskemu civilnemu pravu, kar potrjuje recepcijo temeljnih rimskopravnih načel. V začetku magistrske naloge predstavim institut objektivne odgovornosti, ga opredelim ter pojasnim njegovo razmerje do subjektivne odgovornosti. Sledi obravnava objektivne odgovornosti v rimskem pravu, v okviru katere predstavim rimskopravne institute in pravne rešitve. Nadaljujem z zgodovinskim razvojem instituta, ki predstavlja povezavo med rimskim in sodobnim pravom. V zadnjem delu predstavim ureditev v sodobnem slovenskem pravu, s poudarkom na veljavni zakonski ureditvi in posameznih primerih iz sodne prakse. Primerjalna analiza v sklepu potrjuje, da je mogoče v sodobni slovenski ureditvi prepoznati vpliv rimskega prava in recepcijo posameznih rimskopravnih rešitev, čeprav objektivna odgovornost v rimskem pravu ni bila oblikovana kot enoten in sistematičen pravni institut v današnjem pomenu.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: objektivna odgovornost, odgovornost brez krivde, krivda, culpa, recepcija rimskega prava, nevarna dejavnost, nevarna stvar, vzročna zveza, protipravnost, škoda, dolus, casus
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PF - Pravna fakulteta
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: M. Vizjak
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IX, 44 str.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-189565
• UDK: 340.15:347(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 302314755
• Datum objave v RUL: 09.10.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Objective liability in Roman law and modern Slovenian law

Izvleček

Strict liability is the opposite of the traditional concept of liability as we know it today, which is based on fault. It is a form of liability without fault, the origins of which can be traced back to Roman law; later, with the reception of Roman law and the Industrial Revolution, this concept was revived and came to the forefront. Liability without fault is a legal concept under which anyone who causes damage is liable to compensate for it regardless of their own fault, which is otherwise the fundamental premise of fault-based liability. In private law, this liability arises from the possession of a dangerous object or the engagement in a dangerous activity that poses a risk to others. If an individual benefits from engaging in a dangerous activity or possessing a dangerous object, they also bear responsibility for the risk or danger arising from such objects or activities. This is the principle of benefits and burdens, which stems from legal logic. This master’s thesis is based on the hypothesis that Roman law laid the foundations for modern Slovenian civil law, as evidenced by the reception of fundamental principles of Roman law. At the beginning of this master’s thesis, I present the concept of strict liability, define it, and explain its relationship to fault-based liability. This is followed by a discussion of strict liability in Roman law, in which I present Roman legal concepts and legal solutions. I then continue with the historical development of the doctrine, which represents a link between Roman and modern law. In the final section, I present the legal framework in modern Slovenian law, with an emphasis on the current statutory framework and specific cases from judicial practice. A comparative analysis in the conclusion confirms that the influence of Roman law and the reception of specific Roman legal solutions can be recognized in the modern Slovenian legal system, even though strict liability in Roman law was not formulated as a unified and systematic legal institution in the sense we understand it today.

• Ključne besede: strict liability, liability without fault, fault, culpa, reception of Roman law, dangerous activity, dangerous thing, causal connection, unlawfulness, damage, dolus, casus