Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is an important regulator of the cell cycle. In complex with cyclin B, it acts as the primary driver of mitotic entry by phosphorylating numerous target proteins involved in mitosis. Due to its frequent overexpression in various types of cancers, CDK1 represents a promising target for the development of anticancer agents. Despite the development of CDK1 inhibitors, challenges related to their selectivity and efficacy remain, increasing interest in targeted protein degradation of this kinase using heterobifuncitonal degraders, known as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs).
As part of this master's thesis, we designed and synthesised heterobifunctional compounds with the aim of inducing targeted degradation of CDK1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. A structural analog of the CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306 was used as the ligand for the target protein, while a pomalidomide derivative served as the ligand for the E3 ligase cereblon, with both ligands connected by a linker. Structurally diverse linkers were employed to investigate the effects of their length, flexibility, and structural features on biological activity and CDK1 degradation. The structure and purity of the synthesised compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.
Six PROTACs were synthesised using established synthetic procedures and and their effects on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, as well as their ability to induce CDK1 degradation, were evaluated in the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line. Three PROTACs inhibited cell proliferation to a greater extent compared to CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306, with a more pronounced effect after 48 hours. CDK1 degradation induced by these compounds was also evaluated by Western blotting, but no significant degradation was observed at 1 µM. This could be attributed to unfavourable orientation or inefficient formation of the ternary complex, preventing CDK1 ubiquitination. Further development of CDK1 degraders could include optimisation of linker structure and length, the use of alternative E3 ligases, and the exploration of alternative targeted protein degradation strategies.
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