Dialogic artificial intelligence in the architectural design studio : an empirical study of the AI sparring model

Stanimirović, Mirko (avtor), Wang, Jiaqi (avtor), Zupančič, Domen (avtor), Momčilović-Petronijević, Ana (avtor), Ćirić, Ivan (avtor)

Integrating generative artificial intelligence into architectural education raises a question not only of whether AI helps, but of how its use should be structured. This paper empirically examines the AI Sparring model—a dialogic, critical approach to student–AI interaction—through a workshop in which architecture students designed a pavilion in a fortress. The three self-selected groups differed in the role AI played in the formation of the concept, not in its final presentation: Group A developed concepts traditionally, through sketches and physical working models, with AI serving only as a rendering tool at the end; Group B used AI directly as a generative tool; and Group C worked through structured critical dialogue with AI. The works were independently rated by three evaluators from three countries, alongside keyword analysis and assessment of reflective depth and theoretical references. Group C produced the most consistent concept quality, with no weak works, yet the single highest-rated work came from the traditional group—Sparring raises the “floor” rather than the “ceiling” of quality. At the same time, Group C reported the lowest sense of authorship, and qualitative analysis revealed “simulated depth”: theoretical references cited without genuine engagement. Because of the small, self-selected samples, the findings are read as exploratory and hypothesis-generating. The paper sheds light on the limits of reflective AI pedagogy and proposes concrete revisions to the model.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: artificial intelligence, architectural education, AI sparring, critical thinking, reflective practice, generative AI, design studio, authorship, AI colab
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FA - Fakulteta za arhitekturo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Datum objave: 19.07.2026
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: 23 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 16, iss. 14, [article no.] 2878
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-188387
• UDK: 004.8:72:37
• ISSN pri članku: 2075-5309
• DOI: 10.3390/buildings16142878
• COBISS.SI-ID: 291619587
• Datum objave v RUL: 22.09.2026

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Buildings
• Skrajšan naslov: Buildings
• Založnik: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
• ISSN: 2075-5309
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1024478292

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: umetna inteligenca, arhitekturno izobraževanje, sodelovanje z UI, kritično mišljenje, reflektivna praksa, generativna UI, avtorstvo, sodelo z UI