In this diploma, I examine the two key concepts of Aristotle's ethics – happiness (eudaimonia) and virtue (arete). Happiness is the highest good and the ultimate end of human action. He defines it as an activity of the soul in accordance with the virtue that extends throughout the whole of life. Eudaimonia means living well and flourishing, and virtue is essential to achieving a fulfilled life. In accordance with the structure of the soul, Aristotle divides virtues into moral and intellectual. Moral virtues develop through habits and shape our character, among them are justice, temperance and generousity. Moral virtue is the mean between two extremes, which is determined by practical wisdom. Intellectual virtues arise from the rational part of the soul and develop through learning, which requires time and experience. The most important among them are practical wisdom and theoretical wisdom. Practical wisdom helps determine the mean for the moral virtue and is therefore essential for virtuous action. Wisdom, on the other hand, is crucial for achieving perfect happines, as it constitutes the highest form of virtue. The highest form of happiness is achieved through life devoted to contemplation.
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