Introduction: The cervical spine, due to its complex anatomical structure, high mobility, and proximity to the spinal cord, is frequently affected by various pathological conditions and injuries. The most common conditions include degenerative changes such as cervical spondylosis and intervertebral disc herniation, as well as traumatic injuries such as whiplash and cervical vertebral fractures. Imaging diagnostics play a key role in their detection, as they enable visualization of anatomical and pathological changes. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis was to define the role of different radiological methods
in detecting of diseases and injuries of the cervical spine and to compare their effectiveness depending on the type of condition or injury. Methods: The thesis is based on a descriptive approach using a systematic literature review. Scientific and professional articles were obtained from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, published between 2016 and 2026, focusing on radiological diagnostics of the cervical spine. Results: Analysis of selected studies, it was found that magnetic resonance imaging provides the best visualization of soft tissues and is essential for assessing intervertebral discs and cervical disc herniation. Conventional radiography is commonly used as the first-line method in the evaluating of traumatic injuries and cervical vertebral fractures. Computed tomography provides detailed assessment of bone structures and related injuries. Discussion and conclusion: The indings indicate that no single imaging modality is sufficient for comprehensive evaluation of all cervical spine conditions. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on clinical presentation and the nature of
the pathology. The combined use of different radiological techniques improves diagnostic accuracy and contributes to more effective treatment planning.
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