Empirical scaling laws for predicting in-vacuum operated gas-focused sheet jet emergence, width, and length

Kovačič, Krištof (avtor), Vakili, Mohammad (avtor), Bajt, Saša (avtor), Šarler, Božidar (avtor)

The formation, dimensions, and stability of in-vacuum, gas-focused liquid sheets were investigated experimentally, with a focus on sheet width, sheet length, and the emergence of the liquid chain regime. The study varied gas and liquid flow rates, nozzle height, nozzle capillary cross section, and liquid properties, including surface tension and viscosity, using water and isopropanol. Increasing the gas mass flow rate enhanced both sheet width and length, while increasing the liquid flow rate primarily increased sheet length and had only a weak influence on sheet width due to competing axial and transverse momentum effects. Increasing the nozzle height reduced both sheet dimensions by constraining the sheet within the nozzle. Surface tension was identified as the dominant liquid property governing sheet dimensions. The governing parameters were reformulated using the Weber number (We) and the gas-to-liquid momentum ratio (MR), which are determined by nozzle geometry and gas and liquid flow rates. Empirical power-law scaling relations were derived for the nondimensional sheet width and length, revealing sensitivities to inertia, surface tension, and gas–liquid momentum coupling. The transition between open sheet and liquid chain regimes was described using a logistic regression model, yielding a condition of the form ▫$We/MR^{0.7}$▫ for regime occurrence. These results provide experimentally based scaling relations and regime criteria for predicting liquid sheet dimensions and stability under vacuum conditions, which should be interpreted as approximate tools for rapid, initial guidance in the design and optimization of liquid sheets as sample delivery systems in spectroscopy and scattering experiments.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: experimental modelling, microfluidics, liquid sheet, flat jet, vacuum, logistic regression, multiple linear regression, sample delivery system
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FS - Fakulteta za strojništvo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: 15 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 38, iss. 7, art. 072016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-185131
• UDK: 532:533.59
• ISSN pri članku: 1070-6631
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0332472
• COBISS.SI-ID: 285878275
• Datum objave v RUL: 23.07.2026

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Physics of fluids
• Skrajšan naslov: Phys. fluids
• Založnik: American Institute of Physics
• ISSN: 1070-6631
• COBISS.SI-ID: 37828865

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: eksprimentalno modeliranje, mikrofluidika, kapljevita ploskev, ploščati curki, vakuum, logistična regresija, multipla linearna regresija, sistem dostave vzorcev