Razvoj rentgenskega fantoma koronarnih arterij z uporabo segmentacije medicinskih slik in tridimenzionalnega tiskanja : magistrsko delo

Jurša, Laura (avtor), Mekiš, Nejc (mentor), Fošnarič, Miha (recenzent)

Uvod: Anatomski modeli in fantomi imajo pomembno vlogo pri izobraževanju radioloških inženirjev, saj omogočajo izboljšano anatomsko-prostorsko predstavo ter urjenje za izvajanje zapletenih slikovnih postopkov. Med tovrstne postopke uvrščamo tudi invazivno koronarno angiografijo, pri kateri je zaradi anatomskih in patoloških variacij v poteku koronarnih arterij dobra prostorska predstava ključnega pomena za uspešno izvedbo preiskave. Ker komercialno dostopnih rentgenskih fantomov za to področje ni, tridimenzionalno tiskanje predstavlja obetavno možnost za njihovo proizvodnjo. Namen: Namen magistrske naloge je bil razviti anatomsko natančen tridimenzionalno natisnjen rentgenski fantom srca s koronarnimi arterijami, primeren za izobraževanje radioloških inženirjev pri izvajanju slikovnih postopkov invazivne koronarne angiografije. Metode dela: Raziskava je obsegala teoretični in empirični del. Za pripravo teoretičnih izhodišč smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo pregleda literature. V empiričnem delu smo s segmentacijo računalniškotomografskih slik srca, računalniškim modeliranjem in dvomaterialnim tridimenzionalnim tiskanjem izdelali dva fantoma srca z ločenim prikazom leve in desne koronarne arterije, za prikaz katerih smo uporabili filament, dopiran z nerjavečim jeklom. Kakovost in anatomsko ustreznost fantomov smo ocenili z diaskopskim in računalniškotomografskim slikanjem. Rezultati: Z optimizacijo tiskarskih parametrov smo izdelali dva anatomsko natančna rentgenska fantoma srca z ločenim prikazom leve in desne koronarne arterije. Validacija z diaskopskim slikanjem in računalniško tomografijo je pokazala visoko stopnjo ujemanja z referenčnimi angiogrami in izvornimi računalniškotomografskimi slikami, pri čemer so bile koronarne arterije dobro vidne in kontrastno ločene od okolnih struktur. Razprava in zaključek: Raziskava je pokazala, da je mogoče s segmentacijo računalniškotomografskih slik in večmaterialnim tridimenzionalnim tiskanjem izdelati rentgenski fantom srca z radiopačnimi koronarnimi arterijami, ki v primerjavi z izvornimi slikami dosega visoko stopnjo anatomske skladnosti. Izbira ustreznih materialov in optimizacija tiskarskih parametrov sta bili ključnega pomena pri zagotavljanju anatomske reprezentativnosti, mehanskih lastnosti ter minimalizaciji artefaktov na rentgenskih slikah. Ker fantoma omogočata jasno vizualizacijo koronarnih arterij pri diaskopskem slikanju, predstavljata cenovno ugoden in izjemno uporaben učni pripomoček.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: magistrska dela, radiološka tehnologija, tridimenzionalno tiskanje, rentgenski fantom, invazivna koronarna angiografija, diaskopija, srce, koronarne arterije
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [L. Jurša]
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: X, 57 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184954
• UDK: 616-07
• COBISS.SI-ID: 285359875
• Datum objave v RUL: 18.07.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Development of a coronary artery X-ray phantom using medical image segmentation and three-dimensional printing : master thesis

Izvleček

Introduction: Anatomical models and X-ray phantoms play an important role in radiographer education by deepening anatomical understanding and enabling training in complex imaging procedures. Among these procedures is invasive coronary angiography, for which accurate three-dimensional anatomical perception is essential because of anatomical and pathological variations in the course of the coronary arteries. As commercially available X-ray phantoms for this application are not yet available, three-dimensional printing represents a promising approach for their development. Purpose: This study aimed to develop an anatomically accurate, three-dimensionally printed X-ray heart phantom with coronary arteries suitable for educating and training radiographers in invasive coronary angiography. Methods: In the empirical part, two heart phantoms, each representing either the left or right coronary artery, were created by segmenting cardiac computed tomography images, using computer-aided modeling, and performing dual-material three-dimensional printing. Stainless steel filament was used to visualize the coronary arteries. The quality and anatomical accuracy of the phantoms were evaluated with fluoroscopic and computed tomography imaging. Results: By optimizing the printing parameters, two anatomically accurate X-ray heart phantoms with separate visualization of the left and right coronary arteries were produced. Validation with fluoroscopic imaging and computed tomography demonstrated a high degree of correspondence with reference angiograms and the original computed tomography images, with the coronary arteries clearly visible and distinguishable from surrounding structures. Discussion and conclusion: The study showed that image segmentation combined with multi-material three-dimensional printing enables the creation of an X-ray heart phantoms with radiopaque coronary arteries and a high level of anatomical fidelity compared with the original images. The selection of appropriate materials and optimization of printing parameters were crucial for ensuring anatomical representativeness, mechanical stability, and minimal imaging artifacts. Because the phantoms provide clear visualization of the coronary arteries during fluoroscopic imaging, they represent a cost-effective and highly valuable educational tool for radiographers.

• Ključne besede: master's theses, radiologic technology, three-dimensional printing, X-ray phantom, invasive coronary angiography, flouroscopy, heart, coronary arteries