Uporaba umetne inteligence pri raziskovanju vpliva prehranskih dopolnil na srčno-žilne bolezni

Kuster, Blaž (avtor), Benedik, Evgen (mentor), Godnov, Uroš (komentor)

Bolezni srca in ožilja (BSO) ostajajo vodilni vzrok smrti, pri čemer je nadzor dejavnikov tveganja, kot so povišan krvni pritisk, moten lipidni profil, endotelijska disfunkcija in oksidativni stres ter vnetje, ključnega pomena. Na trgu je na voljo množica pogosto nasprotujočih si informacij o prehranskih dopolnilih, zato je namen magistrskega dela združiti preverjene znanstvene vire in jih obdelati s pomočjo umetne inteligence (UI) – orodja NotebookLM – da bi podali celovit in z dokazi podprt pregled vpliva prehranskih dopolnil na glavne BSO. V ta namen je bil oblikovan jezikovni model, ki je analiziral 296 ročno zbranih znanstvenih člankov (s poudarkom na meta-analizah in sistematičnih pregledih literature), izluščil glavne ugotovitve in jih ustrezno kategoriziral. Glede na analizo podatkov so dolgoverižne večkrat nenasičene omega-3 MK (MK) statistično značilno znižale trigliceride v krvi za približno 0,25 mmol/L in krvni pritisk za približno –1,5/–1,0 mmHg, hkrati pa znižujejo tudi tveganja za smrt zaradi BSO za 12 %. Dodatek vitamina D zniža sistolični krvni pritisk (SKT) za –4,01 mmHg pri starejših osebah in izboljša lipidni profil (znižanje skupnega holesterola za –3,7 mg/dL in trigliceridov za –6,9 mg/dL). Vitamini skupine B (B₆, B₉, B₁₂) učinkovito znižujejo homocistein, kar je povezano z zmernim, a statistično značilnim zmanjšanjem tveganja za možgansko kap za 12 %, v primerjavi s kontrolo. Magnezij (300–400 mg/dan) zniža SKT za –2,00 do –4,18 mmHg in izboljša endotelijsko funkcijo (povečanje s pretokom-posredovane dilatacije za 2,97 %). Koencim Q10 zniža SKT za 4,77 mmHg, medtem ko probiotiki (≥ 10¹⁰ CFU/dan, ≥ 8–12 tednov) ugodno vplivajo na znižanje trigliceridov (−19,1 mg/dl) in prav tako znižujejo SKT za –1,96 do −3,8 mmHg. UI omogoča sistematičen, celovit in uporabniku dostopen pregled učinkov prehranskih dopolnil na zdravje srca in ožilja, pri čemer so ugodni učinki najizrazitejši pri ciljno usmerjenem dopolnjevanju posameznikov z ugotovljenim pomanjkanjem in presnovnimi motnjami.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: umetna inteligenca, vitamin D, omega-3, magnezij, bolezni srca in ožilja, krvni pritisk, meta-analiza, prehranska dopolnila
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Založnik: [B. Kuster]
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-180887
• UDK: 616.1:615.874:004.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 272238339
• Datum objave v RUL: 19.03.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The utilization of artificial intelligence in studying the impact of dietary supplements on cardiovascular diseases

Izvleček

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality, and effective control of major risk factors – such as elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress/inflammation – is essential. Given the abundance of often conflicting information on dietary supplements available to consumers, the aim of this master’s thesis was to consolidate validated scientific evidence and analyse it using artificial intelligence (AI), specifically the NotebookLM tool, in order to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of the effects of dietary supplements on key CVD-related outcomes. To this end, a language-model– based workflow was developed to analyse 296 manually curated scientific articles (with an emphasis on meta-analyses and systematic reviews), extract the principal findings, and categorise them accordingly. Based on the synthesized evidence, long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced blood triglycerides by approximately 0.25 mmol/L and lowered blood pressure by about −1.5/−1.0 mmHg; they were also associated with a 12% reduction in the risk of CVD mortality. Vitamin D supplementation reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by −4.01 mmHg in older adults and improved the lipid profile (total cholesterol −3.7 mg/dL; triglycerides −6.9 mg/dL). B vitamins (B₆, B₉, B₁₂) effectively reduced homocysteine and were associated with a modest but statistically significant 12% reduction in stroke risk compared with control. Magnesium supplementation (300–400 mg/day) lowered SBP by −2.00 to −4.18 mmHg and improved endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation +2.97%). Coenzyme Q10 reduced SBP by 4.77 mmHg, while probiotics (≥10¹⁰ CFU/day for ≥8– 12 weeks) favourably affected triglycerides (−19.1 mg/dL) and lowered SBP by −1.96 to −3.8 mmHg. Overall, AI-enabled synthesis supports a systematic, comprehensive, and user-accessible appraisal of dietary supplement effects on cardiovascular health, with the most pronounced benefits observed when supplementation is targeted to individuals with documented deficiencies and/or metabolic disturbances.

• Ključne besede: artificial intelligence, vitamin D, omega-3, magnesium, cardiovascular diseases, blood pressure, meta-analysis, dietary supplements