Search efficiency and visual appeal of pictorial-based and typography-based map

Kovačević, Dorotea (avtor), Možina, Klementina (avtor)

Visual information should be presented clearly and effectively so that it is quickly and easily understood. The same principle applies to different types of maps and plans. This study explores the relationship between a map’s design and how users interact with it when searching for specific targets. Focusing on a digital tourist city map, we employed an eye-tracking technology to investigate how different cartographic designs (pictorial-based versus typography-based) influence visual search. As the need for visually appealing designs becomes an important part of the user experience, we further explored the observers’ perceptions of the maps’ visual appeal. The results show that the typography-based maps enabled a more effective visual search than the pictorial, as measured by search time, fixation count, and the number of fixations before locating the target. A greater amount of visual attention was directed towards the typography-based maps, as measured by completion time and several eye-tracking metrics during the observers’ evaluation of the maps’ visual appeal. Based on the results, this study highlights the practical implications of effective map design in enhancing users’ navigation and their visual engagement with cartographic data.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: attractiveness, eye-tracking, pictogram, point of interest, typography, visual search
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: NTF - Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: 15 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 15, iss. 3, art.119
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-180880
• UDK: 655.26
• ISSN pri članku: 2220-9964
• DOI: 10.3390/ijgi15030119
• COBISS.SI-ID: 271947267
• Datum objave v RUL: 24.03.2026

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: ISPRS international journal of geo-information
• Skrajšan naslov: ISPRS int. j. geo-inf.
• Založnik: MDPI
• ISSN: 2220-9964
• COBISS.SI-ID: 18678550

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: privlačnost, sledenje očesnim premikom, piktogram, področje zanimivosti, tipografija, vizualno iskanje

Projekti

• Financer: ARIS - Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: P2-0450-2024
• Naslov: Inovativna grafična tehnologija

• Financer: ARIS - Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: BI-HR/25-27-018-2025
• Naslov: Vpliv kompleksnosti tipografije in piktogramov na uporabniško izkušnjo