Potrebe otrok z izkušnjo posvojitve po raziskovanju bioloških korenin

Jereb Jerman, Kaja (avtor), Mešl, Nina (mentor)

Posvojitev je poseben socialnovarstveni ukrep države, katerega namen je delati v največjo korist otrok. Od strokovnih služb se pričakuje, da bodo ugotovile otrokove potrebe, na osnovi katerih bodo potem za otroka poiskale ustrezne posvojiteljske starše. V diplomskem delu sem raziskovala potrebe otrok, ki so posvojeni, po spoznavanju in raziskovanju bioloških korenin ter kako strokovne službe razumejo in ravnajo s temi potrebami. V raziskavi se je pokazalo, da so potrebe posvojenih otrok po raziskovanju bioloških korenin močne, saj želijo razumeti svoj izvor, biološke starše in genetsko dediščino. Te potrebe so pogosto povezane z iskanjem identitete, občutkom pripadnosti, radovednostjo o zdravstveni zgodovini in genetskih značilnostih. Z raziskavo se je pokazalo tudi, da strokovne službe slabo razumejo potrebe oseb, ki so posvojene. Te potrebe niso pomembne samo v otroštvu, temveč tudi v obdobju odraščanja, ko se srečujejo s številnimi pomembnimi vprašanji, kot so: komu sem podoben, od kod izhajam, zakaj je prišlo do posvojitve. Vzorec je zajemal deset posvojenih oseb, ki so bile posvojene v Sloveniji in so bile ob posvojitvi dovolj mlade, da se svojih bioloških staršev oziroma biološke družine ne spominjajo. V raziskavi me je zanimalo, kakšni so njihovi odnosi v posvojiteljski družini, kako ti odnosi vplivajo na potrebo po raziskovanju biološkega izvora in na pogled na biološke starše. Zanimalo me je tudi, kakšna so pričakovanja oseb, ki so posvojene, do strokovnih delavcev, ki delajo na področju posvojitev. Prav tako me je zanimalo, kaj bi osebe, ki so posvojene, še potrebovale od stroke in kako močna je dejanska potreba po spoznavanju bioloških staršev. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da so potrebe po spoznavanju bioloških staršev zelo močne. Potrebe po raziskovanju bioloških korenin niso odvisne od odnosov v posvojiteljski družini, a se v primeru slabih odnosov poveča stiska otroka, ki je posvojen; pojavijo se lahko občutki krivde ob raziskovanju. Potreba po odprtem komuniciranju in sprejetosti v družini je ključna potreba otrok, ki so posvojeni. Pri osebah, kjer so se doma odprto pogovarjali o posvojitvi, se kaže manj težav v odnosih in večja sproščenost pri pogovoru o posvojitvi. Raziskava kaže, da osebe, ki so sodelovale v intervjuju, večinoma nimajo dobrih izkušenj s socialnimi delavci na področju posvojitev. Želele bi si več podpore in večje razumevanje strokovnih služb. Prav tako se jim zdi pomembno, da so socialni starši na prihod otroka dobro pripravljeni ter da bi bil posvojenim osebam na voljo tudi program, kjer bi se lahko družile in med seboj delile svoje izkušnje. Vse intervjuvane osebe se strinjajo, da je pravica vedeti za svoj izvor osnovna človekova pravica in bi morala biti omogočena vsem.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: posvojitev, otrok, ki je posvojen, biološki starši, socialni starši, starši, ki so posvojili otroka, posvojiteljska družina, identiteta posvojenega otroka, potrebe posvojenih otrok, biološki sorodniki, socialno delo
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FSD - Fakulteta za socialno delo
• Leto izida: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-178460
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.01.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Needs of Children Who Are Adopted to Explore Their Biological Roots

Izvleček

Adoption is a specific social welfare measure implemented by the state with the aim of acting in the best interests of the child. Professional services are expected to assess the child’s needs, on the basis of which they then seek suitable adoptive parents. In my diploma thesis, I explored the needs of adopted children regarding their wish to learn about and explore their biological roots, as well as how professional services understand and respond to these needs. The research showed that the needs of adopted children to explore their biological origins are strong, as they wish to understand their background, biological parents, and genetic heritage. These needs are often connected to the search for identity, a sense of belonging, and curiosity about health history and genetic characteristics. The findings also revealed that professional services often have a limited understanding of the needs of adopted individuals. These needs are important not only in childhood but also during adolescence, when individuals face significant questions such as whom they resemble, where they come from, and why the adoption took place. My sample consisted of ten adopted individuals who were adopted in Slovenia and were young enough at the time of adoption that they do not remember their biological parents or biological family. I investigated the relationships within their adoptive families, how these relationships influence their need to explore their biological origins, and their perceptions of their biological parents. I was also interested in their expectations of professionals working in the field of adoption, what further support adopted individuals would need from these services, and how strong the need to learn about their biological parents truly is. The results showed that the need to learn about one’s biological parents is very strong. The need to explore biological roots is not dependent on the quality of relationships within the adoptive family, although poor relationships may increase the distress of the adopted child, who may experience feelings of guilt when exploring these questions. The need for open communication and acceptance within the family emerged as a key need of adopted children. Among individuals whose families openly discussed adoption, fewer relational difficulties and greater ease in talking about adoption were observed. The research indicated that the interview participants generally do not have positive experiences with social workers in the field of adoption. They would like more support and greater understanding from professional services. They also consider it important that social parents are well prepared for the child’s arrival and that adopted individuals have access to programmes where they can meet and share their experiences with one another. All interviewees agreed that the right to know one’s origins is a fundamental human right and should be available to everyone.

• Ključne besede: adoption, a child who is adopted, biological parents, social parents, parents who adopted a child, adoptive parents, adoptive family, the identity of the adopted child, needs of adopted children, biological relatives, social work