Seasonality in perovskite solar cells : insights from 4 years of outdoor data

Remec, Marko (avtor), Khenkin, Mark (avtor), Erdil, Ulas (avtor), Emery, Quiterie (avtor), Paramasivam, Gopinath (avtor), Unger, Eva (avtor), Schlatmann, Rutger (avtor), Albrecht, Steve (avtor), Topič, Marko (avtor), Ulbrich, Carolin (avtor)

Insights are reported from a 4-year outdoor study in Berlin using encapsulated p–i–n perovskite solar cells with the structure ITO | 2PACz | Cs0.15FA0.85PbI2.55Br0.45 (bandgap of 1.65 eV) | C60 | SnO2 | Cu. Peak summer performance showed little to no degradation during the first two summers and only ≈2% absolute drop in outdoor power conversion efficiency from the first to fourth summer. Despite good stability, the devices exhibit significant seasonality, with winter performance up to 30% lower than in summer during the first year, increasing with aging. The factors contributing to this seasonality are separated into four categories: I) solar spectrum, II) device temperature, III) maximum power point tracking losses, and IV) metastability effects. Among these, metastability – particularly light-soaking behavior – is the largest contributing factor that sets perovskite technology apart from conventional photovoltaics. It was found that in cold, low-light winter conditions, voltage gains from light-soaking remain unsaturated, leading to reduced performance. Full saturation requires more than 24 h of continuous illumination, indicating that device performance depends on more than a single diurnal cycle. This comprehensive analysis highlights the complexity of seasonal behavior and the importance of long-term, real-world testing for accurate forecasting of perovskite photovoltaic energy yield.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: photovoltaics, solar cell, perovskite, loss analysis
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FE - Fakulteta za elektrotehniko
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 10 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 15, issue 35, art. 2501906
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-178276
• UDK: 621.383.51
• ISSN pri članku: 1614-6840
• DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202501906
• COBISS.SI-ID: 242478339
• Datum objave v RUL: 22.01.2026

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Advanced energy materials
• Skrajšan naslov: Adv. energy mater.
• Založnik: Wiley-VCH
• ISSN: 1614-6840
• COBISS.SI-ID: 522022169

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: fotovoltaika, sončna celica, perovskit, analiza izgub