Delovna terapija in samostojnost otrok z motnjo avtističnega spektra : diplomsko delo

Slapšak, Anja (avtor), Plemelj Mohorič, Alenka (mentor), Gričar, Nevenka (recenzent)

Uvod: Samostojnost predstavlja temeljno življenjsko zmožnost, ki posamezniku omogoča izvajanje vsakodnevnih življenjskih aktivnosti in aktivno vključevanje v skupnost. Pri otrocih z motnjo avtističnega spektra je ta spretnost pogosto omejena zaradi težav na področju komunikacije, socialne interakcije in motoričnih spretnosti. Delovna terapija z različnimi pristopi in strategijami pomembno prispeva k razvoju spretnosti, ki izboljšujejo samostojnost in kakovost življenja otrok z motnjo avtističnega spektra. Namen: Namen raziskave je predstaviti vlogo delovne terapije pri razvoju samostojnosti otrok, starih od 6 do 12 let, z motnjo avtističnega spektra. Metode: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled literature. Članki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo podatkovnih baz CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus in ScienceDirect. Viri so bili ocenjeni glede na relevantnost in kakovost, pridobljeni podatki so bili analizirani in tematsko razvrščeni. Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih osem raziskav, objavljenih med letoma 2015 in 2025, ki so obravnavale delovno terapijo pri otrocih z motnjo avtističnega spektra, starih od 6 do 12 let. Analiza je pokazala, da ima delovna terapija pomembno vlogo pri razvoju samostojnosti otrok z motnjo avtističnega spektra, zlasti pri izvajanju vsakodnevnih dejavnosti, socialni vključenosti in motoričnih spretnostih. Razprava in zaključek: Pregled literature potrjuje pomembno vlogo delovno-terapevtske obravnave pri izboljšanju samostojnosti otrok z motnjo avtističnega spektra. Ključna je individualizirana in celostna obravnava, usmerjena na posameznikove potrebe, želje in cilje. Raziskave so pokazale, da se kot učinkoviti izkazujejo terapevtski pristopi, kot so pristop kognitivne usmerjenosti v izvajanje vsakodnevnih aktivnosti, pristop, ki združuje samoregulacijo in terapijo s konji ter gibalno-zaznavne igre. Pomembno je tudi sodelovanje z otroki, starši in interdisciplinarnimi timi, kar spodbuja dolgoročne učinke in trajnost izboljšav. Kljub pozitivnim rezultatom posploševanje ugotovitev omejujejo majhni vzorci, kratkoročne študije in omejena raznolikost populacije. To odpira možnost za nadaljnje raziskave, ki bi potrdile učinkovitost pristopov delovne terapije.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, vsakodnevne dejavnosti, avtizem, razvoj otrok, socialna vključenost
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [A. Slapšak]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 42 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-177990
• UDK: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 264759555
• Datum objave v RUL: 15.01.2026

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Occupational therapy and independence of children with autism spectrum disorder : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Independence represents a fundamental life skill that enables individuals to carry out daily activities and actively participate in their communities. In children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, this skill is often limited due to challenges in communication, social interaction, and motor abilities. Occupational therapy, through various approaches and strategies, significantly contributes to the development of skills that enhance independence and improve the quality of life for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to present the role of occupational therapy in the development of independence in children aged 6 to 12 with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. Articles were retrieved from databases including CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Sources were evaluated based on relevance and quality, and the collected data were analyzed and thematically categorized. Results: Eight studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included, focusing on occupational therapy for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder aged 6 to 12. The analysis revealed that occupational therapy plays a significant role in developing independence in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, particularly in performing daily activities, promoting social inclusion, and improving motor skills. Discussion and Conclusion: The literature review confirms the important role of occupational therapy in enhancing independence in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A personalized and holistic approach, tailored to the individual’s needs, preferences, and goals, is essential. Effective therapeutic approaches include cognitive- oriented strategies for daily activities, approaches combining self-regulation concepts with equine-assisted therapy, and sensory-motor play. Collaboration with children, parents, and interdisciplinary teams supports long-term outcomes and sustainable improvements. Despite positive results, generalization is limited by small sample sizes, short-term studies, and limited population diversity. This highlights the need for further research to confirm the effectiveness of occupational therapy approaches.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, occupational therapy, daily activities, autism, child development, social inclusion