Halotolerantne in halofilne glive osamljene iz slanih podzemnih jezer : magistrsko delo

Strnad, Aleš (avtor), Gunde-Cimerman, Nina (mentor)

Glive se uvrščajo v kraljestvo heterotrofnih mikroorganizmov (Fungi) znotraj domene Eucaryota. Določene glive so prilagojene na naseljevanje ekstremnih ekosistemov na Zemlji. Eno takšnih okolij predstavljajo izjemno slane vode, v katerih uspevajo različne skupine halotolerantnih in halofilnih mikroorganizmov, vključno z glivami. Preučevanje teh ekstremnih habitatov je od začetka 21. stoletja doživelo porast, kar se odraža v raziskavah, usmerjenih tudi v biodiverziteto halotolerantnih in halofilnih gliv. Kljub obsežnemu raziskovalnemu delu do zdaj ni bilo izvedene še nobene študije, ki bi se osredotočala na biotsko pestrost gliv v slanih podzemnih jezerih. Ta okolja zaradi svoje specifične geokemijske sestave in številnih omejevalnih dejavnikov predstavljajo edinstven ekosistem, ki ga lahko naseljujejo le določene halotolerantne in halofilne vrste gliv. Te raziskave širijo naše razumevanje ekoloških interakcij in prilagoditvenih mehanizmov, ki jih mikroorganizmi razvijajo v ekstremnih razmerah. V okviru raziskovalnega projekta Izsuševanje in ekstremotoleranca so raziskovalci Katedre za molekularno genetiko in biologijo mikroorganizmov Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani uspešno osamili 35 izolatov gliv iz slanega podzemnega jezera romunskega rudnika soli Turda. V sklopu magistrske naloge smo vse izolate identificirali ter diverziteto gliv primerjali z diverziteto halotolerantnih in halofilnih gliv iz izbranih površinskih slanih okolij. Identifikacija je potekala na osnovi črtne kode – sekvenc glivnega filogenetskega označevalca ITS-regije male podenote (SSU) ribosomalne DNK. Po potrebi je bila identifikacija dopolnjena s filogenetskim označevalcem za gen β-tubulin. V nadaljevanju smo pri izbranih, najpogosteje zastopanih izolatih preučili še njihove morfološke lastnosti, preverili njihovo sposobnost rasti pri različnih temperaturah in soleh ter opredelili njihovo proteolitično encimsko aktivnost na kazein.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: glive, rudniki in rudarjenje, rudnik soli Turda, slana podzemna jezera, halotolerantne in halofilne glive, biodiverziteta, identifikacija, karakterizacija
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: A. Strnad
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: VII, 80 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175319
• UDK: 582.28(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 254815747
• Datum objave v RUL: 24.10.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Halotolerant and halophilic fungi isolated from saline underground lakes

Izvleček

Fungi represent one of the kingdoms of heterotrophic microorganisms within the domain Eukaryota. Certain fungi are adapted to colonize extreme ecosystems on Earth. One of such environment is represented by hypersaline waters, which support the growth of various groups of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms, including fungi. The study of these extreme habitats has seen a surge since the beginning of the 21st century, reflected in research focusing on the biodiversity of halotolerant and halophilic fungi. Despite extensive research, no study to date has specifically addressed the fungal biodiversity of hypersaline subterranean lakes. These environments, characterized by their unique geochemical composition and numerous limiting factors, represent distinct ecosystems that can only be inhabited by certain halotolerant and halophilic fungal species. Investigations into such habitats expand our understanding of ecological interactions and the adaptive mechanisms developed by microorganisms to survive under extreme conditions. As part of the research project Desiccation and Extremotolerance researchers from the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbial Biology at the Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana successfully isolated 35 fungal strains from hypersaline underground lake in the Turda Salt Mine, Romania. As part of the master’s thesis, all isolates were identified, and fungal diversity was compared with biodiversity of halotolerant and halophilic fungi from selected terrestrial saline environments. Identification was carried out based on barcode sequencing of the fungal phylogenetic marker - the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA. Where necessary, identification was supplemented with the phylogenetic marker for the β-tubulin gene. Furthermore, selected and most frequently represented isolates were further examined for their morphological characteristics, assessed for their ability to grow under varying temperature and salinity conditions, and evaluated for their proteolytic enzymatic activity on casein.

• Ključne besede: fungi, Turda Salt Mine, salt underground lakes, halotolerant and halophilic fungi, biodiversity, identification, characterization