Electrochemically pretreated graphite:glass thick films for ultra-trace detection of neonicotinoids in surface water and honey

Dekleva, Maksimiljan (avtor), Repič, Barbara (avtor), Kuščer, Danjela (avtor), Tasić, Nikola (avtor), Kolar, Mitja (avtor), Prosen, Helena (avtor), Marolt, Gregor (avtor)

Neonicotinoids (NNIs) pose a significant threat to pollinator populations and environmental health due to their widespread use and adverse effects on non-target organisms. Despite regulatory efforts, monitoring of NNIs in natural ecosystems remains challenging. In contrast to conventional chromatographic methods, integrated electrochemical sensors provide a rapid and on-site detection of NNIs. In this study, we report on a novel voltammetric sensor based on the electrochemical pretreatment of an in-house screen-printed graphite:glass electrode for a sensitive and selective detection of clothianidin (CLO), imidacloprid (IMI), and thiamethoxam (TMX). Electrochemical characterization via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy demonstrated a significant enhancement in electrode performance after the pretreatment, offering strong adsorption properties and detection limits in the nanomolar level, achieving the lowest reported LODs for CLO (26 nmol L$^{−1}$) and IMI (12 nmol L$^{−1}$). For all three NNIs, two linear ranges between 0.5 and 40 μmol L$^{−1}$ were observed, alongside great sensitivity (8.1–13.1 μA μmol$^{−1}$ L, depending on the analyte). Notably, the recoveries obtained for NNIs in surface water and honey samples, ranging from 96.3 % to 107.8 %, indicate its applicability for real-sample and on-field monitoring. Utilizing one-step voltammetric electrode pretreatment and adsorption-based pre-concentration offers a cost-effective, fast, and ultra-sensitive platform, thus addressing a critical need in environmental analysis and pesticide regulation.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: screen-printed electrode, voltammetric sensor, neonicotinoids, environmental monitoring, surface water, honey
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 10 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 50, art. 100890
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-174667
• UDK: 543.552:661.16
• ISSN pri članku: 2214-1804
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100890
• COBISS.SI-ID: 252228611
• Datum objave v RUL: 08.10.2025

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Sensing and bio-sensing research
• Založnik: Elsevier
• ISSN: 2214-1804
• COBISS.SI-ID: 520394521

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Brez predelav 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: Najbolj omejujoča licenca Creative Commons. Uporabniki lahko prenesejo in delijo delo v nekomercialne namene in ga ne smejo uporabiti za nobene druge namene.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: sitotiskana elektroda, voltametrični senzor, neonikotinoidi, okoljski monitoring, površinska voda, med