Vpliv načina rezi na pridelek in kakovost plodov aronije (Aronia melanocarpa)

Lavrič, Valerija (avtor), Mikulič Petkovšek, Maja (mentor)

V raziskavi smo preučevali, kako različni načini rezi vplivajo na količino pridelka in kakovost plodov aronije (Aronia melanocarpa) sorte 'Nero'. V poskus smo vključili 3 obravnavanja: kontrolo, hitro rez ter sekcijsko rez. Kontrola je predstavljala neporezane grme, pri hitri rezi smo iz grma odstranili notranje starejše poganjke, pri sekcijski rezi pa smo poleg odstranitve starejših poganjkov odstranili tudi nekatere odvečne enoletne poganjke in jih odvajali. Na ta način smo grme osvetlili ter prezračili. Med rastno sezono smo na listih merili SPAD vrednosti za oceno vsebnosti klorofila, avgusta pa smo pobrali zrele plodove aronij. Pridelek smo ločeno stehtali po posameznih grmih. Stehtali smo tudi maso 100 jagod in izračunali povprečno maso jagode. Na plodovih smo s HPLC določili vsebnosti primarnih in sekundarnih metabolitov. Ugotovili smo, da so imele kontrolne rastline statistično značilno največji pridelek, rastline, kjer smo izvedli sekcijsko rez pa značilno najmanjši pridelek. Povprečna masa jagod je bila pri obravnavanju sekcijska rez značilno večja kot pri ostalih dveh obravnavanjih. SPAD vrednosti oziroma vsebnost klorofila v listih, izmerjene pri obravnavanju sekcijska rez, so bile značilno največje, kontrolni grmi pa so imeli najmanjše SPAD vrednosti. Rezultati vsebnosti sladkorjev so pokazali, da je rez značilno vplivala le na vsebnost saharoze v plodovih aronije, ki je bila pri obravnavanju sekcijska rez najmanjša. Pri vsebnosti organskih kislin so imele jagode, pobrane iz grmov obravnavanja sekcijske rezi, najmanjšo vsebnost skupnih organskih kislin, največjo vsebnost organskih kislin pa je imela kontrola. Plodovi kontrolnih rastlin so vsebovali največ vinske, kinske ter šikimske kisline. Vsebnost jabolčne kisline in askorbinske kisline v aroniji je bila pri obravnavanju sekcijska rez značilno manjša kot pri hitri rezi in kontroli. Med fenoli smo v aroniji analizirali največje vsebnosti antocianinov, sledile so hidroksicimetne kisline, flavanoli, flavonoli ter flavanoni. Ugotovili smo značilne razlike med obravnavanji samo pri vsebnostih dveh fenolov, in sicer pri kvercetin-3-rutinozidu ter 3-p-kumaroilkinski kislini. Plodovi aronije iz kontrolnega obravnavanja so imeli največjo vsebnost omenjenih fenolov.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: aronija, rez, pridelek, primarni metaboliti, fenoli, klorofil
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-174356
• COBISS.SI-ID: 251892995
• Datum objave v RUL: 01.10.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The influence of the pruning type on the yield and fruit quality of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa)

Izvleček

In the study we investigated the effect of different pruning methods on the yield and chemical quality of the aronia fruit (Aronia melanocarpa) cv. 'Nero'. We included 3 treatments in the trial: control, quick pruning and sectorial pruning. The control consisted of unpruned bushes; in the quick pruning, we removed the inner older shoots of the bush; in the sectorial pruning, in addition to the older shoots, we also removed some extra annual shoots. In this way, the bushes were exposed to light and aerated. During the vegetation period, the SPAD values were measured on the leaves to determine the chlorophyll content, and in August, the ripe aronia fruits were harvested. The yield was weighed individually for each bush. We also weighed the weight of 100 berries and calculated the average weight of the berries. We carried out a chemical analysis of the fruit where determined the content of primary and secondary metabolites using HPLC. We found that the control plants had a statistically significant higher yield. The plants on which we carried out sectorial pruning had a statistically significant lower yield. The average weight of the berries was significantly higher in the treatment with sectorial pruning than in the other two treatments. The SPAD values of the leaves measured in the sectorial pruning treatment were significantly the highest, while the control bushes had the lowest SPAD values. The sugar content results showed that pruning only affected the sucrose content in the aronia fruit, which was lowest in the sectorial pruning treatment. In terms of organic acid content, the berries from the bushes treated with sectorial pruning had the lowest total organic acid content, while the control plants had the highest organic acid content. The berries of the control plants contained the highest levels of tartaric acid, quinic acid and shikimic acid. The malic and ascorbic acids content of the aronia fruit was significantly lower with sectorial pruning than with the other pruning method and control. Among the phenolics analysed in the aronia, the highest content of anthocyanins was found, followed by hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavonols and flavanones. Significant differences between the treatments were found only in the content of two phenolics, namely quercetin-3-rutinoside and 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid. The fruits of chokeberry from the control treatment had the highest content of the mentioned phenols.

• Ključne besede: chokeberry, pruning, yield, primary metabolites, phenolics, chlorophyll