Probiotics are living microorganisms that, if consumed in sufficient quantities, can have a pleasant effect on the host's health. Gut health is closely related to lifestyle. The intestinal microbiota is also of fundamental importance for maintaining the health of the host. Its composition is shaped by hospitality and environmental factors. The purpose of this assignment was to investigate the effects of probiotics on intestinal health, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action, interaction with microbiota and the immune system, and clinical effects in various gastrointestinal diseases. Prebiotics, synbiotics and the most commonly used probiotic strains and the risks of their use were also analyzed. Probiotics represent one of the options for restoring the broken microbial balance, dysbiosis, because it is associated with many health problems. It was found that probiotics can easily contribute to the restoration of intestinal microbiota after antibiotic therapy, relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, help in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases and even reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer and excess body weight. Despite the promising results, their effectiveness remains dependent on the specific strains, dosage and condition of the individual. Further research is necessary to standardize therapeutic approaches and assess long-term safety.
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