Introduction: Climbing as a form of movement has its roots in early human evolution, where it is the basic form of movement in nature. Today, climbing has become a widely recognised sport discipline, evolving from free climbing in different natural environments to modern sport and even competitive climbing on artificial walls. At the same time, therapeutic climbing, which incorporates elements of exercise and rehabilitation and is used as a complementary method for treating various physical disabilities, is also gaining ground. Therapeutic climbing is an innovative form of exercise therapy based on complex motor challenges and whole-body activation. Its benefits are particularly recognised in the field of physiotherapy, where it is used in the treatment of patients with neurological, musculoskeletal and developmental disorders. Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to identify and present the therapeutic effects of climbing on the physical aspects of treatment in neurological and developmental diseases, based on scientific research. The aim is to evaluate the impact of therapeutic climbing on motor functions, muscle strength, balance and coordination and to assess its effectiveness as a rehabilitation method based on the analysis of selected studies. Methods: A review of the relevant professional and scientific literature in the field of therapeutic climbing was conducted, which focuses on physical changes during exercise. Results: Therapeutic climbing has proven to be an effective complementary rehabilitation method for neurological and developmental disorders. Research shows that it can improve motor function, balance, mobility, muscle strength, and coordination in individuals with cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, chronic lower back pain, and ADHD. The therapy involves three-dimensional movements that promote trunk stability, proprioception, and functional movement. Participants also report enhanced body awareness, greater motivation, and improved quality of life. Discussion and conclusion: Therapeutic climbing is a safe, effective, and adaptable method that improves motor function, muscle strength, mobility, balance, and posture. It can be used as a complementary approach in physiotherapy for various neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations is needed to support broader clinical application.
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