The rapid development of low-cost GNSS receivers has opened up new possibilities for their use in surveying and engineering projects. This thesis analyses the usefulness of the dual-frequency u-blox ZED-F9P receiver and the triple-frequency Septentrio Mosaic-X5 receiver in comparison with geodetic GNSS receivers in surveying applications. Three independent tests were carried out on the roof of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy at the University of Ljubljana, which included static position determination, zero baseline analysis, and PPK. The results showed that low-cost receivers can achieve millimeter accuracy in the horizontally and centimeter accuracy in height GNSS under optimal conditions and on shorter baseline vectors, which is comparable to the results of geodetic GNSS receivers. The Mosaic-X5 receiver proved to be more accurate and stable than other low-cost receivers, especially in terms of elevation components and multipath reduction, as confirmed by the results of the zero baseline test. Based on the obtained result from the third test (PPK), it can be stated that low-cost GNSS receivers can achieve positioning accuracy of 2 - 3 cm which is acceptable for many surveying tasks. Despite limitations in demanding environments, sensitivity to multipath, and lower robustness compared to surveying instruments, low-cost GNSS receivers represent a cost-effective alternative for various surveying and engineering tasks. With the improvement of the overall quality and processing strategies the performance of low-cost GNSS receivers will further improve and match geodetic GNSS receivers.
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