This thesis explores trends in developing container terminals, which are essential hubs in global logistics and maritime transport. The research aims to analyze key developments in terminal operations and to determine how technological innovations, sustainability strategies, and investments impact their competitiveness.
The analysis focuses on selected European ports, including Luka Koper, Marseille Fos, La Spezia, Klaipeda, and Gdynia. The research compares their TEU throughput between 2014 and 2024, vessel capacity, and infrastructure improvements that have contributed to their growth and adaptation to market changes. The findings highlight strategic investments, digitalization, and environmentally friendly solutions as key factors for long-term terminal competitiveness.
Ports such as Luka Koper and Klaipeda have grown significantly due to market adaptation and improved inland connectivity. Marseille Fos has maintained stable growth despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, while La Spezia has experienced a decline due to increased competition from Northern European ports. Gdynia, though currently facing capacity limitations, is investing in basin deepening and railway expansions to enhance its operations.
The study underscores the importance of sustainable development and innovative approaches in shaping the future of container terminals. Automation, logistics optimization, and alternative fuels will be critical factors influencing the next generation of European ports.
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