Vloga medicinske sestre pri oskrbi otroka s pleničnim izpuščajem : diplomsko delo

Filipič, Lucija (avtor), Vettorazzi, Renata (mentor), Lozar Krivec, Jana (komentor), Thaler, Darja (recenzent)

Uvod: Plenični izpuščaj je eden najpogostejših kožnih vnetij pri dojenčkih. Vnetje kože se pojavi na predelu, kjer ima otrok plenico. Gre za akutno, občasno stanje kože. Večja raziskava otrok do 2. leta starosti je pokazala, da je pojavnost pleničnega izpuščaja 36 % in da se le-ta najpogosteje pojavi v prvih 6 mesecih življenja (Sukhneewat at al., 2019). Povzroča nelagodje za dojenčka in njegove skrbnike. Za oskrbo pleničnega izpuščaja je pomembno, da starši in zdravstveni delavci poskrbijo najprej za osnovne ukrepe, kot so pogosta menjava plenic, uporaba krpic z vodo in nevtralnim milom ter nanos kreme ali mazila na anogenitalni predel. Pomembno je, da starši znajo preprečevati plenični izpuščaj, če pa se pojavi, je dobro, da ga znajo oskrbeti in poiskati zdravniško pomoč, ko je to treba. Namen: Namen dela je opredeliti vlogo medicinske sestre pri oskrbi otroka s pleničnim izpuščajem ter pri izobraževanju staršev o negi kože pod plenico. Namen je tudi preučiti učinkovitost krem z naravnimi sestavinami za oskrbo pleničnega izpuščaja. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom tuje literature. Literaturo smo zbirali od septembra 2024 do januarja 2025 s pomočjo iskalnega niza v bibliografskih bazah PubMed/Medline, CINAHL in s pomočjo iskalnika Google Učenjak. Rezultati: Iz nabora mazil in krem z naravnimi sestavinami sta sodeč po pregledani literaturi najpogosteje preučevana olivno olje in ognjičevo mazilo, ki sta po rezultatih raziskav najučinkovitejša pri oskrbi pleničnega izpuščaja. Poleg tega so rezultati pokazali izboljšanje pleničnega izpuščaja pri negi kože tudi z ognjičevim mazilom z dodanim magnezijem, glino, materinim mlekom in s cinkovim mazilom z dodanim ribjim oljem. Starši so o negi kože relativno dobro poučeni, usposobljenost medicinskih sester pri njihovem izobraževanju pa je premalo izkoriščena, saj je najpogostejši vir informacij internet. Za nego kože v področju plenice strokovnjaki priporočajo pristop CBAD-E. Razprava in zaključek: Pomembno je, da kreme in mazila za oskrbo pleničnega izpuščaja izbiramo individualno, saj so si otroci med seboj različni. Pomembno je, da izbiramo med mazili, ki vsebujejo čimbolj naravne sestavine, saj je njihova koža tanka in zelo prepustna. S pregledom literature smo dokazali, da so lahko naravne sestavine v kremah učinkovitejše kot sintetične. Pomembno je tudi, da se zdravstveni delavci bolj posvetimo poučevanju staršev o pleničnem izpuščaju in oskrbi že v porodnišnici ali pa pred rojstvom otroka, saj je ravno v prvih mesecih življenja pojavnost pleničnega izpuščaja največja.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, plenični izpuščaj, mazila, pomoč staršem
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [L. Filipič]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 20 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170698
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 242825987
• Datum objave v RUL: 13.07.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The nurse's role in care of a child with a diaper rush : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Diaper rash is one of the most common skin infections in infants. Skin inflammation occurs in the area where the baby is wearing a nappy. It is an acute, intermittent skin condition. A large study of children up to 2 years of age found that the prevalence of diaper rash is 36% and that it occurs most often in the first 6 months of life (Sukhneewat at al., 2019). It causes discomfort for the infant and his/her caregivers. To care for diaper rash, it is important that parents and health professionals first take basic measures such as changing nappies frequently, using wipes with water and neutral soap, and applying cream or ointment to the anogenital area. It is important that parents know how to prevent nappy rash, and if it does occur, it is good that they know how to treat it and seek medical attention when necessary. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to define the role of the nurse in the care of the child with nappy rash and in educating parents about the care of the skin under the nappy. The aim is also to investigate the effectiveness of creams with natural ingredients for the care of diaper rash. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work with a review of foreign literature. Literature was collected from September 2024 to January 2025 using a search string in the bibliographic databases PubMed/Medline, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Results: In addition, results have also shown improvement in diaper rash skin care with calendula ointment with added magnesium, clay, breast milk and zinc ointment with added fish oil. Parents are relatively well educated about skin care, but nurses' skills in educating them are underused, as the most common source of information is the internet. For skin care in the nappy area, experts recommend the CBAD-E approach. Discussion and conclusion: It is important to choose creams and ointments for diaper rash care individually, as children are different from each other. It is important to choose ointments that contain as many natural ingredients as possible, as their skin is thin and very permeable. Our literature review has shown that natural ingredients in creams can be more effective than synthetic ones. It is also important that health professionals focus more on teaching parents about nappy rash and its care in the maternity ward or before the baby is born, as it is in the first months of life that the incidence of nappy rash is highest.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, diaper rash, ointments, parent support