Vpliv motnosti in ultrafiltracije na kakovostno oskrbo s pitno vodo : magistrsko delo

Lavtar, Janja (avtor), Oder, Martina (mentor), Poljšak, Borut (recenzent)

Uvod: Motnost vode pomeni prisotnost delcev, ki jih tvorijo anorganske in organske snovi ter mikroorganizmi. Nujen je sistem nadzora in odstranjevanja motnosti, saj povišana motnost pitne vode vpliva na učinkovitost dezinfekcije. Namen: Namen dela je bil raziskati učinkovitost dezinfekcije s klorovim preparatom pri naraščanju motnosti pitne vode in oceniti smiselnost izgradnje nove ultrafiltracije na vodnem viru s površinskim vplivom. Metode dela: Ugotavljali smo učinkovitost ultrafiltracije (UF) pri zagotavljanju ustrezne mikrobiološke kakovosti pitne vode in odstranjevanju motnosti. Pregledali smo podatke o neskladnostih na vodnem viru, ki se dezinficira z ultravijolično (UV) svetlobo, ter primerjali učinek UF- in UV-obdelave pitne vode v času obilnega deževja. V laboratoriju smo pripravili tri vzorce različnih stopenj motnosti pitne vode, ki smo jim dodali enake količine bakterijske kulture E. coli in dezinfekcijskega sredstva. Učinkovitost dezinfekcije smo ugotavljali z metodo štetja bakterijskih kolonij, ki so po inkubaciji porasle na gojiščih. Rezultati: Vsi vzorci pitne vode, odvzeti po UF, so bili mikrobiološko skladni z Uredbo o pitni vodi. Vzorci pitne vode po dezinfekciji samo z UV-svetlobo niso bili skladni z mejnimi vrednostmi mikrobioloških parametrov. V vseh neskladnih vzorcih so bile prisotne koliformne bakterije, v dveh vzorcih pa tudi E. coli. Zaradi povišane motnosti vodnega vira, ki se dezinficira z UV- svetlobo, je bil večkrat izdan ukrep prekuhavanja, kar pa ni bilo potrebno za vodna vira, ki se obdelujeta po postopku UF. Z laboratorijskim kontroliranim poskusom smo ugotovili, da je bila dezinfekcija motne vode s klorovim preparatom učinkovitejša pri nizkih motnostih, vendar je bila razlika v učinkovitosti pri 0 in 20 NTU manjša od pričakovanj. Dezinfekcija vode z motnostjo 10 in 20 NTU ni bila v nobenem našem poskusu popolnoma uspešna. Razprava in zaključek: V sklopu raziskave smo ugotovili, da UF učinkovito zmanjšuje motnost vodnih virov in zagotavlja stalno mikrobiološko skladnost pri dobavi pitne vode. Obdelava z UV-dezinfekcijo občasno ne zagotavlja mikrobiološke skladnosti pitne vode; v primeru povišane motnosti je smiseln ukrep prekuhavanja pitne vode. Povišana motnost vpliva na učinkovitost dezinfekcije vode, vendar ima motnost do 20 NTU, kadar motnost povzroča kalcijev karbonat, na dezinfekcijo majhen vpliv.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: magistrska dela, sanitarno inženirstvo, dezinfekcija vode, Escherichia coli, NTU, vodooskrba
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [J. Lavtar]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 70 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170345
• UDK: 614
• COBISS.SI-ID: 241425667
• Datum objave v RUL: 04.07.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The impact of turbidity and ultrafiltration in providing quality drinking water supply : master thesis

Izvleček

Introduction: Turbidity of water refers to the presence of particles formed by inorganic and organic substances, as well as microorganisms. A monitoring and removal system for turbidity is essential, as increased turbidity in drinking water affects the effectiveness of disinfection. Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of disinfection with chlorine preparations at various levels of turbidity in drinking water and evaluate the feasibility of constructing a new ultrafiltration system at a surface-impacted water source. Methods: We evaluated the effectiveness of ultrafiltration (UF) in maintaining adequate microbiological quality and reducing turbidity in drinking water. We analyzed data on discrepancies at a water source disinfected with ultraviolet (UV) light and compared the effects of UF versus UV treatment during periods of heavy rainfall. In our laboratory setting, we created three distinct levels of water turbidity, each supplemented with equal quantities of E. coli bacterial culture and disinfectant solution. The efficacy of disinfection was assessed through colony counting after incubation on agar plates. Results: All water samples taken after UF were microbiologically compliant with the Drinking water Regulation. However, water samples after UV treatment did not meet the microbiological parameter limits. In all non-compliant samples, coliform bacteria were present, and in two samples also E. coli. Due to increased turbidity of the water source, which is treated with UV light, boiling was frequently recommended. This was not necessary for water treated with UF. Chlorine disinfection of turbid water was more effective at low turbidity levels, but the difference in effectiveness at 0 and 20 NTU was less than we expected. Water disinfection with turbidity levels of 10 and 20 NTU was not completely successful in any of our experiments. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, we found that UF effectively reduces the turbidity of water sources and ensures consistent microbiological compliance in the supply of drinking water. UV disinfection does not always ensure microbiological compliance of drinking water; in cases of increased turbidity, boiling the water is a sensible measure. Increased turbidity affects the effectiveness of water disinfection, but turbidity up to 20 NTU, when caused by calcium carbonate, has a minimal impact on disinfection.

• Ključne besede: master's theses, sanitary engineering, water disinfection, Escherichia Coli, NTU, water supply