Vključevanje v družbo in pomen prijateljstva pri osebah z motnjo v duševnem razvoju : diplomsko delo

Kogelnik, Nika (avtor), Gričar, Nevenka (mentor), Mihevc, Špela (recenzent)

Uvod: Osebe z motnjo v duševnem razvoju imajo enake potrebe kot osebe brez nje. Želijo si enakih stvari kot vsi: družino, službo in prijatelje. Kljub vsem njihovim potrebam so še vedno velikokrat prezrti in izključeni iz družbe, kar posledično vpliva na njihovo kakovost življenja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati vključenost oseb z motnjo v duševnem razvoju v družbo, kaj je značilno za njihovo vključevanje v družbo in kakšne so značilnosti njihovih prijateljstev. Zanimalo nas je tudi, kaj jim prijateljstvo pomeni. Metode dela: Izvedena je bila kvalitativna raziskava. Podatke smo pridobili z intervjuji, ki smo jih izvedli s petimi osebami z motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Intervjuje smo z njihovim dovoljenjem in dovoljenjem njihovih staršev oz. skrbnikov posneli, dobesedno prepisali in izvedli vsebinsko analizo. Udeležencem smo zagotovili anonimnost. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo pet udeležencev, od tega so bile tri osebe ženske in dva moška. Najmlajša oseba je bila stara 27 let, najstarejša 52. Po narejeni analizi smo pridobljene podatke oblikovali v tri glavne kategorije: vključevanje odraslih oseb z motnjo v duševnem razvoju v družbo, medsebojni odnosi in druženje odraslih oseb z motnjo v duševnem razvoju ter pomen prijateljstva za odrasle osebe z motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Ugotovili smo, da se udeleženci vsakodnevno soočajo z različnimi ovirami pri vključevanju v družbo. Veliki večini organizirane prostočasne aktivnosti in služba pomagajo pri vzpostavljanju in ohranjanju socialnih stikov. Razprava in zaključek: Za namen diplomskega dela smo pregledano literaturo na temo vključenost oseb z motnjo v duševnem razvoju povezali z našimi ugotovitvami. Prijateljstvo udeležencem predstavlja srečo, pripadnost in podporo, a se kljub temu pogosto soočajo z izzivi pri spoznavanju in sprejemanju novih ljudi. Na osnovi rezultatov, ki kažejo, da se prijateljstva večinoma razvijajo v strukturiranih okoljih, se kaže potreba po razvijanju novih programov, ki bi bili v pomoč pri prenašanju prijateljstva iz institucionalnega okolja v širše. Tako bi prispevali k večji vključenosti in k zmanjšanju stigmatizacije in osamljenosti.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, socialna vključenost, osebe s posebnimi potrebami, kakovost življenja, odrasli
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [N. Kogelnik]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 35 str., [9] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170022
• UDK: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 241275651
• Datum objave v RUL: 02.07.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Social integration and meaning of friendship for people with intellectual disabilities : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Individuals with intellectual disabilities have the same needs as those without. They desire the same things as everyone: family, a job and friends. Despite all of their needs they are still often ignored and excluded from society which in turn negatively affects their quality of life. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to research the inclusion of people with an intellectual disability into society, what is typical for their integration into society and the characteristics of their friendships. We were also interested in what friendships mean to them. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted. Our data was sourced from interviews which we conducted with five individuals which have an intellectual disability. With their and their parents' or guardian's consent we recorded the interviews, made a transcript and conducted a content analysis. Anonimity was assured to the participants. Results: Five participants cooperated in the research, out of those three were women and two were men. The youngest participant was 27 years old while the oldest was 52. After we conducted the analysis, we structured the obtained data into three main categories: the integration of adults with an intellectual disability into society, interpersonal relationships and socializing of adults with an intellectual disability and the meaning of friendships to people with an intellectual disability. We learned that the participants, on daily basis, face different obstacles when trying to integrate into society. For the vast majority, organized leisure activities and work help them establish and maintain social connections. Discussion and conclusion: For the purpose of this thesis, we reviewed existing literature on the inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities and linked it to our findings. To the participants friendships represent happiness, belonging and support but still they face obstacles when meeting and accepting new people. Based on the results, which show that friendships are mostly developed in structured environments, there is a need to develop new programs that would support the transition of friendships from institutional settings to the wider community. This would contribute to greater inclusion and help reduce stigmatization and loneliness.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, occupational therapy, social inslusion, people with special needs, quality of life, adults