Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an important part of the modern pharmaceutical industry in recent years. The possibility of targeted treatment for a range of diseases, including different kinds of cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases, has made them very fascinating and invaluable in modern medicine. However, their high viscosity at elevated concentrations poses challenges for injectability and therapeutic efficacy.
The aim of this study was to better understand how excipients influence mAb behaviour, particularly in terms of viscosity and formulation stability. We investigated the interactions between several commonly used excipients and mAbs using vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), to analyse the preferential interaction coefficients (Γ23), providing insights into molecular-level interactions between excipients and mAbs.
The results showed that NaCl and trehalose are preferentially excluded from the protein surface, indicating their stabilizing effects. L-arginine.HCl showed mild exclusion, suggesting a complex role in protein stabilization, while guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) exhibited preferential binding, potentially causing protein destabilization. Differences between two antibody models (mAb-1 and mAb-2) further highlighted the importance of excipient selection in formulation development.
In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of excipient-protein interactions and provides a robust foundation for optimizing mAb formulations for improved therapeutic use.
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