Vpliv kemijske sestave tekočine elektronskih cigaret na naše zdravje: kvalitativna analiza v procesu poučevanja

Božič, Kristina (avtor), Kranjc, Krištof (mentor)

V zadnjih letih je bilo v medijih veliko govora o zaskrbljujoči uporabi elektronskih cigaret med mladostniki, tako v šolah kot tudi drugod. Ker sem se ravno v tistem času odločala o tematiki magistrske naloge, ki bi bila povezana z vsakdanjim življenjem in bi bila zanimiva za dijake ter tudi zame, se mi je zamisel o raziskovanju kemijske sestave tekočine e-cigaret zdela koristna. Teoretični uvod magistrske naloge temelji na prikazovanju škodljivih učinkov uporabe e-cigaret, zajema začetek razvoja e-cigaret ter tekmovanje s preostalo tobačno industrijo, epidemijo bolezni EVALI ter primerjavo z gorljivimi cigaretami, kjer je v ospredju vloga nikotina. Glavni poudarek je na delovanju in sestavi e-cigaret, kjer so podrobneje predstavljene ključne kemijske komponente, ki jih najdemo v tekočini e-cigaret, ter kako ob vdihavanju vplivajo na naše zdravje. Ne nazadnje pa so predstavljeni podatki o razširjenosti kajenja po svetu in pri nas, med katerimi so posebej izpostavljeni mladi uporabniki. Praktični sklop je sestavljen iz treh delov. Prvi del zajema izolacijo nikotina na osnovi ekstrakcije iz tobaka, kjer je izoliran produkt skupaj z organskimi kislinami uporabljen za poizkus tvorbe slabo topnih soli. Drugi del temelji na kvalitativni analizi tekočine e-cigaret, pod katero spada dokazovanje prisotnosti ionov, določanje pH vrednosti, test topnosti, gorljivost in obarvanost plamena ter določanje funkcionalnih skupin v spojinah e-tekočine. V ta del sklopa sodi še sinteza arome, dokazovanje nikotina ter lastna priprava e-tekočine. V tretji del so vključeni izbrani eksperimenti drugega dela ter naloge za preučevanje strukture molekule nikotina in njenih lastnosti s pomočjo uporabe IKT. Celoten tretji del je oblikovan v navodila z rešitvami za izvedbo laboratorijske vaje v SŠ, ki so podana v didaktičnem delu magistrske naloge. Glavni cilj magistrskega dela je bil pridobiti prepričljive rezultate kvalitativne analize glede nevarnosti, ki so posledica kemijske sestave tekočine e-cigaret. Izkazalo se je, da s takšnim pristopom večine nevarnih sestavin ne moremo detektirati, zato je za nadaljne raziskave ključna uporaba aparatur, ki to omogočajo.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: e-cigarete, e-tekočina, kvalitativna analiza, nikotin, arome, propilen glikol, rastlinski glicerin
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-169123
• COBISS.SI-ID: 236156675
• Datum objave v RUL: 13.05.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The effect of chemical composition in the liquid of electronic cigarettes on our health: A qualitative analysis in the educational process

Izvleček

In recent years, there has been much discussion in the media about the alarming use of electronic cigarettes among adolescents, both in schools and elsewhere. At the time when I was deciding on the topic of my master's thesis, I wanted it to be related to everyday life and interesting both for high school students and for myself, the idea of investigating the chemical composition of e-cigarette liquid seemed beneficial. The theoretical introduction of the thesis focuses on the harmful effects of e-cigarette use, covering the start of development of e-cigarettes and their competition with the rest of the tobacco industry, the EVALI disease epidemic, and a comparison with combustible cigarettes, with an emphasis on the role of nicotine. The main focus is on the functioning and composition of e-cigarettes, with a detailed presentation of the key chemical components found in e-liquid and their impact on health when inhaled. Additionally, data on the prevalence of smoking worldwide and in our country are presented, with a particular emphasis on young users. The practical section consists of three parts. The first part involves the isolation of nicotine based on tobacco extraction, where the isolated product, along with organic acids, is used in an attempt to form poorly soluble salts. The second part focuses on the qualitative analysis of e-cigarette liquid, including the detection of ions, pH determination, solubility test, flammability and flame coloration, and the identification of functional groups in e-liquid compounds. This part also includes aroma synthesis, nicotine detection, and the preparation of e-liquid. The third part features selected experiments from the second part, as well as tasks for studying the molecular structure and properties of nicotine using ICT tools. The entire third part is structured as instructional material with solutions for conducting a laboratory exercise in high school, presented in the didactic part of the thesis. The main goal of the master's thesis was to obtain reliable qualitative analysis results regarding the hazards of the chemical composition of e-cigarette liquid. It turned out that this approach could not detect most of the hazardous components, highlighting the necessity of using advanced analytical instruments for further research.

• Ključne besede: e-cigarettes, e-liquid, qualitative analysis, nicotine, aromas, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerine