Evaluating GNSS receiver resilience : a study on simulation environment repeatability

Blatnik, Aljaž (avtor), Batagelj, Boštjan (avtor)

Abstract Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), with their ubiquitous coverage, have become a cornerstone of modern position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. While their spread spectrum communication offers inherent, albeit partial, resilience against interference, GNSSs remain a prime target for malicious actors seeking to disrupt or degrade precise location and time synchronization. Jamming mitigation has been an active research area for over three decades. Despite diverse research efforts, a key weakness in the literature is the absence of rigorous, methodologically sound testing of proposed mitigation techniques in a controlled laboratory environment. This work addresses this deficiency by exploring the challenges of evaluating GNSS receiver performance and response under interference and by proposing a more robust methodological framework for result interpretation. We present a custom simulation environment that enables repeated, controlled measurements of GNSS receiver behavior under various jamming attacks, revealing discrepancies between expected performance and real-world observations. Using three low-cost receivers as a case study, we demonstrate the inherent uncertainty in the results, the unpredictable behavior of the receivers’ embedded software, and appropriate statistical analysis practices. A key contribution of this work is a publicly available dataset of extensive GNSS receiver response measurements acquired under controlled interference conditions using an advanced signal generation and a comprehensive satellite constellation simulator.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: GNSS, navigation, jamming, interference, GNSS simulator
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FE - Fakulteta za elektrotehniko
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Datum objave: 01.01.2025
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 20 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 14, iss. 9, art. 1797
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168876
• UDK: 621.39
• ISSN pri članku: 2079-9292
• DOI: 10.3390/electronics14091797
• COBISS.SI-ID: 234782979
• Datum objave v RUL: 05.05.2025

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Electronics
• Skrajšan naslov: Electronics
• Založnik: MDPI
• ISSN: 2079-9292
• COBISS.SI-ID: 523068953

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: GNSS, navigacija, visokofrekvenčne motnje, interferenca, GNSS simulator

Projekti

• Financer: ARIS - Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: V2-2342
• Naslov: Care4SIGNAL - Ocena tveganja motenj signalov GNSS v slovenskem državnem omrežju stalnih postaj SIGNAL

• Financer: ARIS - Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: L7-60164
• Naslov: Trajnostni in digitalni okvir za varnost in zaščito v pristaniščih