Vloga socialne opore in optimizma v odnosu med funkcionalno prizadetostjo starostnikov in njihovim psihičnim blagostanjem

Pečar, Katja (avtor), Zager Kocjan, Gaja (mentor)

Z leti delež prebivalcev, ki so stari 65 let in več, vse bolj narašča, s tem pa tudi število starejših odraslih, ki so zaradi upada v funkcionalnih sposobnostih odvisni od pomoči drugih pri izvajanju vsakodnevnih aktivnosti. Odvisnost od drugih ter prepoznavanje lastnih omejitev in primanjkljajev lahko vodita v upad optimalnega delovanja oz. v razvoj duševnih težav. Namen magistrskega dela je preučiti odnos med funkcionalno prizadetostjo ter različnimi vidiki subjektivnega blagostanja in prisotnostjo depresivne simptomatike pri starejših odraslih, ki bivajo v institucionalnem varstvu. Preverili smo tudi, kakšno vlogo imata v tem odnosu zaznana socialna opora ter dispozicijski optimizem. Na podlagi ugotovitev obstoječih študij smo predpostavljali, da bo prizadetost funkcionalnih sposobnosti napovedovala upad v subjektivnem blagostanju in višji nivo depresivne simptomatike, zaznana socialna opora in dispozicijski optimizem pa bosta moderirala ta odnos tako, da bosta oslabila njuno povezavo. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 64 starejših odraslih, podatke pa smo zbirali po domovih za starejše v Sloveniji. Udeleženci so reševali vprašalnike duševnega zdravja (MHC-SF), depresivne simptomatike (PHQ-8), socialne opore (MSPSS), dispozicijskega optimizma (LOT-R) ter funkcionalnih sposobnosti. Ugotovili smo, da upad funkcionalnih sposobnosti pri višjih vsakodnevnih aktivnostih v našem vzorcu negativno napoveduje subjektivno blagostanje in pozitivno napoveduje depresivno simptomatiko. Zaznana socialna opora pozitivno napoveduje psihološko in socialno blagostanje ter ima moderacijsko vlogo v odnosu med upadom funkcionalnih sposobnosti ter psihološkim in socialnim blagostanjem. Dispozicijski optimizem pozitivno napoveduje čustveno blagostanje ter negativno napoveduje depresivno simptomatiko, vendar ne moderira odnosa med funkcionalnimi sposobnostmi in subjektivnim blagostanjem oz. depresivno simptomatiko. Opazili smo, da imata socialna opora in optimizem različni pojasnjevalni vlogi. Socialna opora je bila bolj povezana z doseganjem evdajmonskih vidikov blagostanja, medtem ko je bil optimizem bolj povezan s čustvenim vidikom blagostanja. Ob upoštevanju omejitev lahko magistrska raziskava služi kot izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskovanje dejavnikov uspešnega delovanja starejših odraslih ter kot teoretična podlaga za oblikovanje intervencij s strani institucij, ki skrbijo za starejše odrasle in lahko pripomorejo k uspešnejšem in zadovoljivem staranju.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: starostniki, funkcionalna prizadetost, subjektivno blagostanje, depresivna simptomatika, socialna opora, dispozicijski optimizem
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: K. Pečar
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 74 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168763
• UDK: 159.923.3-053.9(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 234251267
• Datum objave v RUL: 24.04.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The role of social support and dispositional optimism in the relationship between functional impairment of older adults and their well-being

Izvleček

Over the years, the proportion of the population aged 65 and over is increasing and with it the number of older adults who are, due to a decline in functional abilities, dependent on the help of others in carrying out daily activities. Being dependent on others and recognizing one's own limitations can lead to a decline in one's optimal functioning or it can lead to the development of mental problems. The purpose of our work is to study the relationship between functional disability and various aspects of subjective well-being and the presence of depressive symptoms in older adults who live in institutional care. We studied the role of perceived social support and dispositional optimism in mentioned relationships as well. Based on the findings of existing studies, we hypothesized that functional impairment would predict a decline in subjective well-being and higher levels of depressive symptoms, while perceived social support and dispositional optimism would moderate this relationship by weakening their association. We collected our data from 64 older adults residing in long-term care facilities in Slovenia. Participants completed questionnaires, measuring mental health (MHC-SF), depressive symptoms (PHQ-8), social support (MSPSS), dispositional optimism (LOT-R), and functional abilities. We found that decline in functional abilities in advanced activities of daily life negatively predicted all aspects of subjective well-being, as well as higher levels of depressive symptoms in our sample. Perceived social support positively predicted psychological and social well-being and was a significant moderator of the relationship between functional decline and psychological and social well-being. Dispositional optimism positively predicted emotional well-being and negatively predicted levels of depressive symptoms, but it did not prove to be a significant moderator of the relationship between functional decline and subjective well-being or depressive symptoms in our sample. We have found that social support and optimism have different roles in explaining different aspects of well-being. Social support is more associated with eudaimonic aspects of well-being, while optimism is more related to the emotional aspects of individual’s successful functioning. Taking into account the limitations of this research, it can serve as a guideline for further research into factors of positive functioning of older adults as well as a theoretical basis for designing interventions by institutions which care for older adults and can contribute to a more successful and satisfying aging process.

• Ključne besede: elderly, functional impairment, subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, social support, dispositional optimism