In recent years, targeted protein degradation (TPD) techniques have gained increasing attention as an alternative to classical reversible and irreversible inhibitors. The key distinction lies in abandoning the traditional occupancy-driven model in favor of the event-driven pharmacological paradigm. This approach allows proteolytic degradation of target proteins, with the ligands acting catalytically, thereby achieving the desired pharmacological effects at very low concentrations. The most intensively investigated and developed TPD technology to date is PROTAC molecules (PROTACs), primarily explored for cancer treatment. In this master's thesis we have extended this approach to a less explored area of TPD – neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). According to the cholinergic hypothesis, the cognitive decline in AD is due to the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system, highlighting the crucial role of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a serine hydrolase that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, in the disease progression.
We synthesized 11 PROTACs that link a BChE-targeting ligand and a E3 ligase cereblon ligand through various piperidine-based linkers. The synthetic pathway involved multiple step, with the identity of compounds being confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The biological evaluation of PROTACSs included determining their inhibitory potencies against BChE and related acetylcholinesterase, as well as assessing their ability to induce proteolytic degradation of BChE in SH-SY5Y cells using Western blot transfer. At 0.1 µM, almost all PROTACs reduced BChE expression within 6 hours. In majority of cases, the enzyme levels recovered after 24 hours. At a 10-fold concentration, 1 µM, the effect was reversed – no BChE degradation was observed within the first 6 hours, while after 24 hours, BChE expression decreased for 30% compared to control experiment. Although all compounds inhibited BChE in the nanomolar range, the inhibitory potency itself is not sufficient for successful degradation of the target enzyme. In the follow up studies, it would be necessary to confirm both the time dependence of BChE degradation at several time points, as well as the concentration dependence of degradation, which would give a clearer answer about the suitability of the prepared chimeric PROTACs for further development.
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