Nanofibers represent a potential nano-delivery system for proteins and bacterial cells. In such cases, stabilizers are often added to enhance their viability or activity. Due to the promising nature of this field and the insufficient research on the solid state properties of stabilizers, this master thesis aims to investigate the potential issue of physical instability of low-molecular-weight representatives of the most commonly used stabilizers in nanofibers.
Using electrospining, we succesfully incorporated up to 70 % (w/w) of glucose and mannitol, and up to 40 % (w/w) of trehalose into nanofibers made of polyethylene oxide (PEO). Through statistical analysis of scanning electron microscopy images, we found that the type of stabilizer influenced the average diameter of the nanofibers, while the effect of the stabilizer’s mass fraction was observed only at the lowest percentage of mannitol.
We conducted a six-month stability study on the prepared nanofiber samples, storing them under different conditions. At eight time points, we performed differential scanning calorimetry analyses on duplicate samples to monitor the rate and extent of crystallization of the selected stabilizers. We observed that nanofibers with higher stabilizer content exhibited a greater crystalline fraction, leading to faster crystallization, particularly in samples with high stabilizer concentracions, where the PEO matrix no longer provided sufficient thermodynamic stabilization. At the same time points, we also conducted Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses to investigate potential interactions between the stabilizers and the PEO matrix. No interactions were observed. However, by comparing samples stored in silica gel, we noticed the influence of moisture through peak shifts in the hydroxy region.
In the final phase, we prepared nanofibers with the highest determined glucose content, into which we incorporated a potential probiotic bacterial strain. Using triplicate samples at three time points, we asessed the viability of the bacteria on solid agar media and further investiagated the stabilization mechanism through FTIR spectroscopy. By comparing the spectra of the lyophilizate, hydrated dispersion, and the prepared nanofibers containing probiotic cells, we observed a decrease in viability, which we attributed to the stress conditions during electrospinning. However, the FTIR results did not allow us to precisely define the stabilization mechanism at the molecular level.
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