Pomen zdravstvene vzgoje pri obravnavi pacientk z astmo v menopavzalnem obdobju : diplomsko delo

Kavčnik, Nika (avtor), Matić, Lucija (mentor), Kvas, Andreja (recenzent)

Uvod: Menopavza je nereproduktivno stanje, ki s prenehanjem delovanjem jajčnikov vodi do izgube reproduktivnih hormonov in s tem plodnosti. To obdobje lahko zaznamujejo številni simptomi, kot so prenehanje menstruacije, pojav vazomotoričnih simptomov, depresivno razpoloženje, zmanjšan libido in suhost nožnice. Neravnovesje ženskih spolnih hormonov lahko med drugim vodi tudi do poslabšanja simptomov astme, ki je pogosta vnetna bolezen dihalnih poti in vodi do zožitve dihalnih poti. Namen: Namen pregleda literature je predstaviti in opisati vpliv menopavze na nastanek in poslabšanje astme, ter zdravstveno vzgojo žensk za lajšanje simptomov astme v menopavzalnem obdobju. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Izveden je bil pregled domače in tuje literature. Literatura je bila iskana v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL, Research Gate in v spletnem iskalniku Google Scholar. V pregled literature smo vključili članke, ki so bili objavljeni od leta 2014 do leta 2024. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da imajo ženske v menopavzi povečano tveganje za nastanek ali poslabšanje astme. Nekatere raziskave so potrdile negativen vpliv povečane telesne teže, kajenja ter uporabe hormonskega nadomestnega zdravljenja na nastanek astme v menopavzi. Med zadetki nismo našli raziskav, ki bi specifično obravnavale zdravstveno vzgojo pri pacientkah z astmo v obdobju menopavze, vendar lahko upravičeno domnevamo, da imajo medicinske sestre pri pojavu astme v menopavzi pomembno vlogo pri izvajanju intervencij zdravstvene vzgoje, kot so učenje o astmi, pravilnem režimu jemanja zdravil, preprečevanju in obvladovanju poslabšanj simptomov, izvajanju dihalnih vaj, spremljanju vrednosti največjega pretoka zraka med izdihom ter poučevanju o pravilni tehniki zdravljenja z inhalacijsko tehniko. Na obvladovanje astme v menopavzi pozitivno vpliva tudi telesna dejavnost, kot so hoja, tek, aerobne in dihalne vaje. Razprava in zaključek: Zaradi vpliva menopavze na nastanek astme, bi dodatne raziskave na področju zdravstvene vzgoje pacientk z astmo v menopavzi lahko pripomogle k izboljšani zdravstveni obravnavi. Izoblikovati bi bilo treba zdravstvenovzgojne programe, ki bi obravnavali dejavnike tveganja, ki se pojavijo v menopavzi in vplivajo na nastanek ali poslabšanje astme v tem obdobju. Tako bi se osredotočili na izboljšanje pljučne funkcije, lajšanje simptomov menopavze in astme ter stresa, ki se lahko pojavi med zdravljenjem

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, amenoreja, bolezen dihal, hormonsko zdravljenje, zdravstvena obravnava
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [N. Kavčnik]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 21, [8] str., [8] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-166947
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 224805635
• Datum objave v RUL: 01.02.2025

KAVČNIK, Nika, 2025, Pomen zdravstvene vzgoje pri obravnavi pacientk z astmo v menopavzalnem obdobju : diplomsko delo [na spletu]. Diplomsko delo. Ljubljana : N. Kavčnik. [Dostopano 21 april 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=166947

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The importance of health education in the management of patients with asthma in menopausal period : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Menopause is a non-reproductive condition that leads to the loss of reproductive hormones and thus fertility as the ovaries stop functioning, This period can be characterised by a number of symptoms such as cessation of menstruation, vasomotor symptoms, depressed mood, decreased libido and vaginal dryness. An imbalence of female sex hormones can also lead to a worsening of asthma symptoms, which is a common inflammatory disease of the airways leading to narrowing of the airways. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to present and desribe the impact of menopause on the onset and exacerbation of asthma and to describe the health ecuation for women to relieve asthma symptoms during menopausal period. Methods: In the thesis we used the descriptive method. A review of domestic and foreign literature was conducted. The literature was searched in PubMed, CINAHL, Research Gate and Google Scholar databases. The literature included articles published from 2014 to 2024. Results: Women in menopause have an increased risk of developing or worsening asthma. Some studies have confirmed the influence of weight gain, smoking and the use of hormone replacement therapy on the onset of asthma in menopause. We did not find any studies among the hits that specifically adressed health education in menopausal women with asthma, but it is reasonable to assume that nurses play an importnat role in the implementation of health education interventions in the occurrence of asthma in menopause, such as teaching about asthma, the correct medication regimen, preventing and managing exacerbations of symptoms, performing breathnig exercises, monitoring peakf expiratory flow values and teaching the correct inhalation therapy technique. Physical activity such as walking, jogging, aerobic and breathing exercises also have a positive effect on the management of asthma in the menopause, Discussion and conclusion: Menopausal women are at risk of developing or worsening asthma which is influenced by a number of factors. Given the impact of menopause on the development of asthma, further research in the field of menopausal asthma care would help to improve the health care and quality of live of women with asthma during menopause. Programmes should be developed to adress the risk factors that occur during menopause and that influence the development or exacerbation of asthma during menopause. This would focus on improving lung function, relieving menopausal symptoms and asthma, and the stress tha occurs during treatment.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, amenorrhea, respiratory disease, hormone treatment, health care treatment