Primerjava sedečega in stoječega dela z vidika ergonomije dela

Mušič, Peter (avtor), Schnabl, Simon (mentor)

Po končanem študiju mladi vstopamo na trg dela s pričakovanjem, da je naše delovno mesto ergonomsko vrhunsko dodelano in analizirano, da v štiridesetih letih delovne dobe ne bo prišlo do poškodb na delovnem mestu. Pričakovanja niso vedno realna. Prav z namenom izboljšav in z opredelitvijo ukrepov sem se zaradi poklica strokovnega delavca za varnost in zdravje pri delu odločil analizirati dve po tipu popolnoma nasprotujoči si delovni mesti. Vsako analizirano delo ima svoje specifično delovno mesto. Izbrani dve delovni mesti predstavljata tipične karakteristike sedečega in stoječega dela. Za tipično sedeče delovno mesto sem si izbral poklic poklicnega voznika tovornega vozila, ki v svojem delovnem okolju večino delovnega časa presedi v kabini tovornega vozila. Predstavnik tipično stoječega delovnega mesta pa je prodajalec na bencinskem servisu, kjer mora biti zaposleni zavoljo strank in procesa dela večino časa v stoječem položaju. V uvodnem delu magistrskega dela predstavim splošne probleme stoječega in sedečega dela z vidika ergonomije dela. Sledi opis izbranih poklicev, zraven pa omenim tudi področje slovenske zakonodaje. Pred začetkom glavnega poglavja magistrskega dela postavim še tri hipoteze, ki sem jih na koncu preveril. V osrednjem poglavju magistrskega dela preidem k analizi izbranih delovnih mest in proučitvi obeh z izbrano metodo OWAS. Z opazovanjem in analizo posameznega delovnega mesta po telesnih segmentih s preračuni in tabelo metode OWAS določim, kateri telesni segment potrebuje dodatne ukrepe za izboljšano ergonomsko oceno tveganja. Obe analizirani delovni mesti razkrijeta pomanjkljivosti, ki pa jih lahko z določenimi ukrepi ustrezno odpravimo. Dobro je predvsem dejstvo, da za nobeno delovno mesto niso bili potrebni takojšnji ukrepi, kar bi pomenilo, da je velika nevarnost zaposlenega za nastanek poškodb na delovnem mestu. Z opravljeno anketo za obe delovni mesti se je pokazalo, kakšna miselnost prevladuje med zaposlenimi z vidika varnosti in zdravja pri delu ter ergonomije dela. Glede na odgovore lahko sklepam, da si marsikateri zaposleni z vidika ergonomije dela želi spremembe na delovnem mestu. Menim, da je stres na delovnem mestu eden od glavnih razlogov za nastanek poškodb na delovnem mestu.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: ergonomija, sedeče delovno mesto, stoječe delovno mesto, metoda OWAS
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-166822
• COBISS.SI-ID: 225352707
• Datum objave v RUL: 27.01.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Comparison of seated and standing work in terms of work ergonomics

Izvleček

After graduation, young people enter the labour market with the expectation that our workplace will be ergonomically sophisticated and analysed to ensure that no workplace injuries will occur during the 40 years of our working lives. Expectations are not always realistic. It was precisely with a view to making improvements and identifying measures that, as an occupational health and safety professional, I decided to analyse two workplaces that were completely opposite in type. Each job analysed has its own specific workplace. The two jobs selected represent typical characteristics of sedentary and standing work. The typical sedentary job I have chosen is that of a professional lorry driver, who spends most of his working time in the cab of a lorry in his working environment. A typical standing job is a petrol station clerk, where the employee has to be standing most of the time because of the customers and the work process. In the introductory part of my Master's thesis, I present the general problems of standing and sitting work from the point of view of work ergonomics. This is followed by a description of the selected occupations, and I also mention the field of Slovenian legislation. Before starting the main chapter of the master thesis, I put forward three hypotheses, which I finally test. In the main chapter of the master thesis I proceed to the analysis of the selected workplaces and the examination of both of them with the chosen OWAS method. By observing and analysing each workplace by body segment, I determine which body segment needs additional measures for an improved ergonomic risk assessment using the OWAS method calculations and table. Both analysed workplaces reveal deficiencies, which can be adequately addressed with certain measures. The good thing is that neither workplace required immediate action, which would have meant that there was a high risk of the employee sustaining an injury at work. The survey carried out for both workplaces revealed the prevailing mindset among employees in terms of occupational health and safety and work ergonomics. From the responses, it can be concluded that many employees would like to see changes in the workplace in terms of work ergonomics. I believe that workplace stress is one of the main reasons for workplace injuries.

• Ključne besede: ergonomics, sedentary workplace, standing workplace, method OWAS