In today's construction industry, the optimization of projects is of high importance, as there is a growing need for fast, cost-effective, and high-quality execution of work. Among various sectors of construction, tunnelling is one of the most unpredictable due to frequent geological changes and on-site challenges. By using BIM (Building Information Modelling) technology, these challenges can be managed more effectively, optimizing the entire construction process, which leads to reduced costs and improved quality of the final project.
The objective of this master's thesis is to demonstrate how BIM modelling and monitoring tools can be used to precisely and clearly analyse the differences between designed and as-built 3D BIM models. The obtained results can later be used for detailed analyses, helping identify where and why deviations from the main design occurred. The collected data, which is dynamic and constantly updated throughout construction period, allows for easier decision-making by the client, designer, and contractor during the execution phase, while also facilitating future maintenance or potential reconstruction of the built structure.
In the theoretical part of the thesis, we described the NATM method (New Austrian Tunnelling Method), which is considered to be one of the most effective tunnelling methods in Slovenia due to its geological characteristics. NATM, known for its adaptability, requires flexible construction contracts, which is why we also provided a detailed explanation of the ÖNORM B 2203 standard and the matrix method that introduced an innovative approach to cost estimation in tunnelling projects in 1994.
In the practical part of the thesis, we presented the entire process of creating a 3D BIM model of the eastern tube of the Karavanke Tunnel (for both the designed and as-built states). Using MatM software, developed by IRGO Consulting d.o.o., we compared and analysed the models with respect to differences in excavation volumes and primary support elements in various excavation phases.
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