The former lead and zinc mine in Mežica is a world-renowned deposit of the mineral wulfenite (PbMoO4). In this master's thesis, we analyzed tabular and bipyramidal wulfenite crystals from Mežica to propose the mechanism of their growth. We employed a multi-layered approach based on a review of previous findings regarding the geological development and description of the mineral assemblage in Mežica, as well as the results of studies of wulfenite crystals grown in labs together with advanced analytical techniques used to analyse samples of mineral assemblage and wulfenite crystals. For the analytical techniques, we chose an approach from the macroscopic to the microscopic and atomic level, using techniques such as reflective optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM and HAADF–STEM), chemical composition analysis (SEM–EDS and HR–ICP–MS), and crystallographic analysis (SCXRD). Samples of mineral assemble were confirmed to consist of galena, sphalerite, anglesite, carbonates, wulfenite and descloisite minerals. The analyses showed that the wulfenite crystal lattices from Mežica are chemically pure, however they contain numerous inclusions of mostly carbonate minerals, together with less common lead and iron oxides and descloisites. Inclusions usually occur in bands. The wulfenite crystals belong to the spatial group I4/a1 and do not exhibit twins, dislocations, or ionic replacements in the crystal lattices. Based on the obtained results, we argue that the external morphology reflects changes in the environment during the precipitation and growth of wulfenite grains from solutions rich in Pb2+ and MoO42-. The growth mechanism of wulfenite grains from Mežica consists of three stages. In the first stage, tabular grains precipitated from solutions, where the concentration of Pb2+ was lower than that of MoO42-. In the brief second stage, the solutions became enriched with Ca and Mg ions, leading to the sudden precipitation of carbonate inclusions. In the third stage the concentration of Pb2+ is higher than that of MoO42-, favouring the growth of bipyramidal grains.
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