Vpliv prilagojene trimesečne telesne vadbe na zadovoljstvo in gibalne sposobnosti pri starejših ženskah : magistrsko delo

Štokovnik, Ema (avtor), Vute, Rajko (mentor), Novak, Tatjana (komentor)

Staranje je naraven in neizogiben biološki proces, ki ima velik vpliv na zadovoljstvo človeka in telesno pripravljenost starostnikov. S športno aktivnim načinom življenja lahko posameznik pozitivno vpliva na svoje psihosocialno ravnovesje. Primerno usmerjena športna dejavnost izboljšuje zdravstveno stanje, ohranja in izboljšuje gibalne sposobnosti, sprošča čustveno napetost, navaja na zdrav način življenja, razvija komunikacijo z okoljem ter omogoča samopotrjevanje (Pisek, 2013; Šolar, 2003). Namen magistrskega dela je bil preučiti vpliv trimesečne prilagojene telesne vadbe za starejše ženske na njihovo zadovoljstvo z življenjem in vpliv vadbe na gibalne sposobnosti. Zanimalo nas je, kakšno je zadovoljstvo z življenjem starejših žensk, vprašanih pred pričetkom redne telesne vadbe in po koncu trimesečnega obdobja. Zanimalo nas je tudi, ali so se morda po določenem obdobju rezultati bistveno spremenili. Sodelovalo je 20 udeleženk, starejših od 65 let, ki so redno enkrat tedensko prihajale na prilagojeno vadbo. Nekatere izmed njih so se poleg te vadbe udeleževale še kakšne druge. V okviru raziskave smo ugotavljali, kako je redna telesna vadba vplivala na zadovoljstvo z življenjem starejših žensk, ki so prihajale na organizirano vadbo redno, tj. enkrat tedensko, in kako je redna telesna vadba vplivala na izboljšanje njihovega ravnotežja, moči ter gibljivosti. Nadalje smo raziskali, kako se jim je izboljšala vzdržljivost. V raziskavi smo uporabili vprašalnik za ugotavljanje zadovoljstva z življenjem, v katerem je uporabljena lestvica zadovoljstva z življenjem. Lestvico smo dali kandidatkam, da jo izpolnijo na začetku in koncu trimesečne vadbe. Z njimi smo na začetku opravili tudi meritve ravnotežja, moči, gibljivosti in vzdržljivosti ter vse skupaj še enkrat ponovili na koncu trimesečnega programa vadbe. Za ugotavljanje učinkovitosti gibalnih sposobnosti smo uporabili vaje iz Fullertonove testne baterije in Senior fitness testa Manual – SFT. Rezultate smo na koncu izpisali v tabele in jih vnesli v program SPSS, kjer smo jih statistično obdelali ter primerjali med seboj. S temi rezultati pa smo primerjali tudi odgovore kandidatk iz usmerjenega intervjuja. Pri analizi zadovoljstva z življenjem pred in po trimesečni redni tedenski prilagojeni vadbi kandidatke niso izrazile bistvenih odstopanj niti na slabše niti na boljše. Izkazalo se je, da so imele kandidatke najboljše gibalne sposobnosti pri ravnotežju – stoja na eni nogi z odprtimi očmi – ter moči – dvigovanje uteži sede. Po drugi strani pa pri drugih meritvah gibalnih sposobnosti niso bile bistvene statistične razlike med prej in potem. S kandidatkami smo opravili tudi usmerjen intervju. Povedale so, da vadba absolutno pripomore k njihovemu izboljšanju počutja. Nekatere izmed njih so aktivne tedensko, nekaterim pa zadošča le obisk prilagojene vadbe, ki se izvaja enkrat na teden. Na podlagi tega lahko vidimo heterogenost naše skupine. Na koncu smo naredili primerjavo naših rezultatov, pridobljenih leta 2024, ter rezultatov dr. Novak, pridobljenih leta 2011, ki kažejo na nekatere pomembne statistične razlike med skupinama.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: gibalne sposobnosti, funkcionalne sposobnosti, zadovoljstvo, starejše ženske, prilagojena telesna vadba, telovadba
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: E. Štokovnik
• Leto izida: 2024
• Št. strani: X, 71 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158553
• UDK: 796-053.9(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 199015939
• Datum objave v RUL: 15.06.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effects of an Adapted Three-Month Physical Training Programme on Satisfaction and Physical Abilities in Older Women

Izvleček

Aging is a natural and inevitable biological process that significantly influences individuals' life satisfaction and physical fitness in later stages of life. Engaging in a physically active lifestyle can positively impact one's psychosocial well-being. Appropriately tailored physical activity improves health status, maintains and enhances physical abilities, relieves emotional tension, promotes a healthy lifestyle, fosters communication with the environment, and facilitates self-affirmation (Pisek, 2013; Šolar, 2003). The purpose of this master's thesis was to examine the influence of a 3-month adapted physical exercise program on life satisfaction and physical fitness of elderly women. The study aimed to assess the life satisfaction of elderly women before and after engaging in regular physical exercise for a period of 3 months. Additionally, the research investigated whether there were any significant changes in the results after the specified period. Twenty participants aged over 65 regularly attended adapted exercise sessions once a week. Some of them also participated in additional physical activities besides the organized exercise program. The research aimed to determine the effects of regular physical exercise on the life satisfaction of elderly women participating in organized weekly exercise sessions. It also sought to examine how regular physical exercise influenced improvements in their balance, strength, flexibility, and endurance. Measurements of balance, strength, flexibility, and endurance were conducted at the beginning and end of the 3-month exercise program. The study utilized the Satisfaction with Life Scale to assess life satisfaction, administered at the beginning and end of the program. Additionally, balance, strength, flexibility, and endurance were evaluated using exercises from the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test and the Senior Fitness Test Manual – SFT. The obtained results were recorded in tables and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. These results were then compared with the responses obtained from structured interviews conducted with the participants. Regarding the analysis of life satisfaction before and after the three-month weekly adapted exercise program, no significant deviations were expressed by the participants, neither negatively nor positively. The findings indicated that participants exhibited the best physical abilities in balance – one-legged stance with eyes open – and strength – seated weight lifting. However, there were no statistically significant differences in other measurements of physical abilities before and after the program. During the study, structured interviews were conducted with the participants. They expressed that exercise significantly contributes to their well-being. Some of them engage in physical activity weekly, while others find satisfaction in attending the tailored exercise program only once a week. This diversity within our group highlights its heterogeneity. At the end, we compared our results obtained in 2024 with the results of Dr. Novak obtained in 2011, which revealed some significant statistical differences between the two groups.

• Ključne besede: motor skills, functional skills, satisfaction, older women, adapted physical exercise