Kritične točke v intenzivni reji prašičev, ki vplivajo na njihovo dobrobit : Critical points in intensive pig farming, wich effect their welfare

Nadlučnik, Eva (avtor), Štukelj, Marina (mentor), Golinar, Irena (komentor)

V raziskavi smo analizirali raven dobrobiti prašičev v slovenskih intenzivnih rejah. V sklopu raziskave smo obiskali 14 intenzivnih rej prašičev in jih strokovno ocenili z uporabo protokola AWQ/P-P – protokol/vprašalnik za oceno dobrobiti prašičev (angl. Animal welfare quality questionnaire/protocol for pigs). Ocenjevali smo pet sklopov: splošni vtis, obnašanje živali, zdravstveno varstvo, bivalne pogoje ter okoljske razmere. Na podlagi predpostavke, da na dobrobit prašičev bistveno vpliva rejec, smo v raziskovalni nalogi z vprašalnikom izprašali rejke/rejce obravnavanih rej. Preverili smo, kako dobro rejci poznajo koncept dobrega počutja živali, kakšno je njihovo mnenje o dobrobiti prašičev ter jih spraševali o tehnologiji njihovih rej. Preučevali smo neskladje med s protokolom ocenjeno ravnjo dobrobiti prašičev v reji ter rejčevo oceno, kako pomembna se mu zdi dobrobit njegovih prašičev. Ugotovili smo, da je stanje dobrobiti prašičev v slovenskih intenzivnih rejah sprejemljivo, saj vse obravnavane reje dosegajo minimalne standarde. Pri strokovni oceni reje je bil najbolje ocenjen sklop vedenje/obnašanje prašičev – prašiči so bili radovedni, niso se bali rejca, rokovanje z njimi je bilo primerno. Najslabše je bil ocenjen sklop bivalni pogoji – ponekod je bila gostota naselitve prevelika, zaposlitveni material neustrezen, osvetlitev neprimerna. Kritične točke, ki vplivajo na dobrobit prašičev, so neustrezno izvajanje biovarnostnih ukrepov, pomanjkanje termometrov in higrometrov, neustrezno ukrepanje rejcev za zmanjševanje agresije med prašiči, uporaba neustreznega zaposlitvenega materiala ter neustrezna razvrstitev prašičev po kategorijah. Za dobrobit prašičev je bilo nekoliko bolje poskrbljeno v rejah, kjer so bili rejci moški, starejši od 40 let, z nižjo stopnjo izobrazbe, ki se pogosteje poklicno usposabljajo, vendar razlike niso statistično značilne. Rezultati vprašalnika kažejo, da je rejcem dobrobit prašičev izredno pomembna, ne glede na dejansko stanje v njihovih rejah. Najpomembneje jim je zdravstveno varstvo prašičev, najmanj pomembne pa so jim okoljske razmere. Rejci so izkazali dobro znanje o dobrobiti živali. Večinoma imajo pozitiven odnos do dobrobiti svojih prašičev in so do njih empatični (predvsem ženske ter starejši rejci), hkrati pa niso pripravljeni spremeniti trenutnega stanja v reji, ki zadovoljuje zgolj minimalne zahtevane pogoje. Večina rejcev kljub zakonski prepovedi krajša repe svojim prašičem ter jim brusi zobe, da bi preprečili agresivno vedenje. Večini se zdi kastracija prašičev nujna in jo do sedmega dneva starosti pujskov izvajajo brez analgezije.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: dobrobit prašičev, intenzivna reja, obnašanje prašičev, bivalni pogoji, odnos rejec – žival
• Vrsta gradiva: Raz. nal. na višji ali visoki šoli
• Tipologija: 2.12 - Končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav
• Organizacija: VF - Veterinarska fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: E. Nadlučnik
• Leto izida: 2023
• Št. strani: IX, 103 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-154595
• UDK: 636.4:591.5:636.082.25:636.083(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 186220035
• Datum objave v RUL: 22.02.2024

NADLUČNIK, Eva, 2023, Kritične točke v intenzivni reji prašičev, ki vplivajo na njihovo dobrobit : Critical points in intensive pig farming, wich effect their welfare [na spletu]. Končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav. Ljubljana : E. Nadlučnik. [Dostopano 4 maj 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=154595

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Critical points in intensive pig farming, which effect their welfare

Izvleček

This study aimed to evaluate animal welfare on Slovenian commercial pig farms. For this purpose, we visited and professionally evaluated 14 intensive pig farms using a standardized protocol. We assessed several aspects of animal welfare: (1) general status, (2) animal behaviour, (3) health status, (4) living conditions, and (5) environmental conditions. Each aspect consisted of at least five parameters and was scored on a 5 – point scale. Farmers’ actions significantly influence animal welfare. To gather relevant information, we interviewed 14 pig farmers using a questionnaire. We studied the discrepancy between the actual level of pigs’ welfare on the farm and the farmers’ assessment of how important they consider their pigs’ welfare to be. Additionally, we assessed the farmers’ general knowledge of animal welfare, their opinion on their pigs’ welfare and asked them about the technology of their farms. The results indicate that the state of pig welfare in Slovenian intensive farming systems is acceptable, as farms meet minimum standards. The farms were assessed to have achieved the highest welfare status regarding animal behaviour but the lowest regarding the pigs’ living conditions. Several critical points affecting pigs’ welfare were identified, including inadequate implementation of biosecurity measures; lack of thermometers and hygrometers on the farms; inadequate measures by farmers to reduce aggression among pigs; use of inappropriate enrichment material and no separation of pigs by different categories. It was observed that farms led by older male farmers with lower levels of education who received vocational training from various sources have slightly better welfare conditions on the farm, although the differences are not statistically significant. The results obtained from the questionnaire indicate that farmers consider animal welfare to be of great importance, regardless of the actual welfare status on their farms. According to the farmers, the most important aspect of animal welfare is the health status, whereas the environmental conditions are considered the least important. Farmers demonstrate a good understanding of animal welfare and they generally have a positive attitude towards the well-being of their pigs. They show empathy towards their animals, particularly women and older farmers. However, they are unwilling to improve the welfare status of their farms, which currently meet only the minimum required conditions. Despite legal regulations, most farmers continue to dock their pigs' tails and clip their teeth to prevent aggressive behaviour. Furthermore, most farmers believe that castration of pigs is necessary and they often perform the procedure without providing analgesia.

• Ključne besede: Animals welfare, breeding, behavior animal, social conditions, human-animal interaction, swine