Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, commensal bacterium. It accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the total number of bacteria in faecal samples of healthy people. Reduction of F. prausnitzii is associated with various conditions (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic inflammatory bowel disease). Due to the production of butyrate, which plays an important metabolic and anti-inflammatory role in the gut, we consider F. prausnitzii to be among important human beneficial bacteria in the gut. This gives F. prausnitzii great potential for use in the new generation of probiotics. Master thesis is divided into three parts, the optimisation of molecular detection of F. prausnitzii, the enrichment of this bacterium in vitro and the analysis of the influence of the different bacterial representatives of the healthy gut microbiota on the growth of F. prausnitzii. In the first part of the thesis, we compared the different protocols of real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection F. prausnitzii. Based on our findings, the commercial kit RIDA® GENE Faecalibacterium prausnitzii provided the highest specificit, sensitivity and reproducible results. In the second part of the thesis, we optimized the in vitro culture that supports the growth of F. prausnitzii. We have shown that rumen fluid is the key factor for the successful growth of F. prausnitzii. In the third part of the thesis, we examined the impact of cell-free supernatant of species from the genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium on the growth of F. prausnitzii. In contrast to expectations, we showed growth inhibition of F. prausnitzii, which depended on the concentration of added cell-free supernatant.
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