Kakovost in skladiščna obstojnost česna (Allium sativum L.) glede na sorto in gnojenje

Simončič, Sanja (avtor), Kacjan Maršić, Nina (mentor)

Česen je pomembna vrtnina, uporabna v kulinariki kot začimba in vir zdravilnih učinkovin. Značilno aromo in okus mu dajejo organske žveplove spojine, med katerimi je najpomembnejši alicin. Njegova vsebnost je odvisna od genotipa, okoljskih dejavnikov v času pridelave, gnojenja in časa skladiščenja V raziskavi smo ugotavljali kakovost čebulic 4 sort česna, pridelanih v poskusu, ki je potekal na laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete UL od marca do julija 2015. Zanimalo nas je, kako gnojenje z dušikom (N) in žveplom (S) vpliva na maso in velikost čebulic in pridelek ter na vsebnost alicina v čebulicah. V času skladiščenja (po 11., 20. in 27. tednih po pobiranju) na temperaturi 10-15°C, smo ugotavljali obstojnost čebulic glede na sorto in gnojenje. Poljski poskus je bil izveden v treh ponovitvah, v vsaki ponovitvi je bilo po 32 rastlin. V času skladiščenja smo meritve izvedli na 10. naključno izbranih čebulicah posameznega obravnavanja. Ugotavljali smo spremembe v masi in premeru čebulic, vsebnosti suhe snovi in vsebnosti alicina, ki smo ga določili s tekočinsko visokotlačno kromatografijo (HPLC). Gnojenje z N in S je vplivalo na maso in velikost čebulic. Pridelek česna je bil pri vseh sortah največji pri gnojenju z N in S ('Gardos' 11,4 t/ha; 'Garcua' 7,1 t/ha; 'Ptujski spomladanski' 6,3 t/ha in 'Dario' 5,0 t/ha). Gnojenje z S je povečalo vsebnost alicina v čebulicah 2 sort, 'Gardos' in 'Dario', ki je bila po pobiranju 3,5 mg/g suhe mase ('Gardos') in 2,5 mg/g suhe mase ('Dario'). Obstojnost čebulic v skladišču smo ugotavljali na osnovi meritev mase in velikosti, vsebnosti suhe snovi ter vsebnosti alicina v čebulicah česna. Najmanjše izgube v masi smo ugotovili pri sorti 'Ptujski spomladanski' (11 % do 15 % točk), največje pa pri sorti 'Garcua' (21 % do 32 % točk). Vsebnost suhe snovi se je v skladišču povečala, ne glede na gnojenje, najbolj pri sorti 'Ptujski spomladanski' (za 3 % točke), pri ostalih sortah za 1 do 2 % točki ali je bila nespremenjena. Vsebnost alicina je močno narastla v 20. tednu po skladiščenju; povečanje je bilo največje pri čebulicah, gnojenimi z N in S. Pri nadaljnjem skladiščenju se je vsebnost alicina zmanjšala, najbolj pri sortah 'Garcua' in 'Ptujski spomladanski'.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: gnojenje, sorte, Allium sativum L., kakovost pridelka, skladiščna obstojnost
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-148486
• COBISS.SI-ID: 162406403
• Datum objave v RUL: 25.08.2023

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Quality and shelf life of garlic (allium sativum l.) regarding to the cultivar and fertilization

Izvleček

Garlic is an important vegetable used as a spice and source of health-promoting compounds. Its characteristic aroma and flavor are due to organic sulfur compounds, of which allicin is the most important. Its content depends on the genotype, environmental factors at the time of cultivation, fertilization, and storage time. In this study, the quality of the bulbs of 4 garlic cultivars grown in an experiment that took place from March to July 2015 in the Laboratory field of the Biotechnical Faculty of University of Ljubljana was determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate how fertilization with nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) affects the mass and size of garlic bulbs, as well as the yield and allicin content in the bulbs. During storage (after the 11th, 20th, and 27th weeks after harvest) at a temperature of 10-15°C, the shelf life of garlic bulbs was determined as a function of cultivar and fertilizer application. During storage, measurements were made on 10 randomly selected bulbs of each treatment. Changes in garlic bulb mass and diameter, dry matter content, and allicin content analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) were determined. N and S fertilization affected bulb mass and size. Garlic yield was higher in all cultivars when N and S were used for fertilization ('Gardos' 11.4 t/ha; 'Garcua' 7.1 t/ha; 'Ptujski spomladanski' 6.3 t/ha and 'Dario' 5.0 t/ha) compared to the yield of the control treatment or treatment with N only. Fertilization with S increased the allicin content in garlic bulbs of both cultivars 'Gardos' and 'Dario', which was 3.5 mg/g dry weight ('Gardos') and 2.5 mg/g dry weight ('Dario') immediately after harvest. The shelf life of garlic bulbs during storage was determined by measuring mass and size, dry matter content, and allicin content of garlic bulbs. The smallest losses in mass were found in the 'Ptujski spomladanski' (11 % to 15 % points) and the largest in the 'Garcua' (21 % to 32 % points). Dry matter content increased during storage regardless of fertilization, the most in the variety 'Ptujski spomladanski' (by 3 % points), and in the other varieties by 1 to 2 % points or remained unchanged. Allicin content increased significantly in the 20th week after harvest; the increase was greatest in bulbs fertilized with N and S. During further storage, the allicin content decreased, mostly in 'Garcua' and 'Ptujski spomladanski'.

• Ključne besede: fertilization, varieties, Allium sativum L., yield quality, shelf life